Phase 1+2: DRule regular chains + compileAction returns [Value]

- compileAction now returns Maybe [Value] (single-element lists for all
  existing verdicts); armToRuleValues updated accordingly
- programToValue emits one regular chain declaration per DRule (no
  hook/type/prio/policy fields), placed after policy chains
- CompileEnv promoted to a record (Env) carrying envDecls and a stub
  envCtMarks field (populated in Phase 4)
- All callers of compileAction threaded through new Env type

AGENTS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+# AGENTS.md
+
+FWL (Firewall Language) is a Haskell DSL that compiles to nftables JSON.
+Stack: GHC 9.10.3, Cabal, Parsec 3.x, Aeson 2.x, Tasty/HUnit for tests.
+
+---
+
+## Key Commands
+
+```bash
+cabal build              # build everything
+cabal test               # run all test suites
+cabal run fwlc -- check examples/simple-router.fwl    # parse + type-check a source file
+cabal run fwlc -- compile examples/simple-router.fwl  # emit nftables JSON to stdout
+cabal run fwlc -- pretty examples/simple-router.fwl   # pretty-print the parsed AST
+```
+
+Run tests before marking any task complete. The test suite is `cabal test`.
+
+---
+
+## Project Structure
+
+```
+fwl/
+├── AGENTS.md
+├── doc/
+│   ├── proposal.md              <- initial design document and exploration
+│   ├── fwl_grammar.md           <- authoritative grammar reference; keep in sync with Parser.hs
+│   └── ref/
+│       ├── ruleset.nft          <- example nftables ruleset
+│       └── ruleset.json         <- the same example nftables ruleset in json format
+├── examples/
+│   ├── simple-router.fwl        <- canonical simple example; must parse and compile cleanly
+│   ├── simple-router.nft        <- compiled nftables text output of simple-router.fwl
+│   └── router.fwl               <- full router example with WireGuard detection
+├── src/FWL/
+│   ├── AST.hs                   <- all data types; source of truth for the AST
+│   ├── Lexer.hs                 <- Parsec TokenParser, reservedNames, reservedOpNames
+│   ├── Parser.hs                <- top-level parser, all sub-parsers
+│   ├── Pretty.hs                <- AST -> FWL source (round-trip printer)
+│   ├── TypeCheck.hs             <- effect row checker, exhaustiveness, CIDR intervals
+│   ├── Interpret.hs             <- evaluator + effect dispatch
+│   ├── Compile.hs               <- AST -> nftables JSON (Aeson Value)
+│   └── Util.hs                  <- shared helpers
+└── test/
+    ├── Main.hs
+    ├── ParserTests.hs
+    ├── TypeCheckTests.hs
+    └── CompileTests.hs
+```
+
+The grammar document at `doc/fwl_grammar.md` must stay in sync with `Parser.hs` and `Lexer.hs`.
+When changing the parser, update the grammar doc in the same commit.
+
+---
+
+## Architecture
+
+The pipeline is strictly linear with no back-edges:
+
+```
+source text
+  -> Lexer (Text.Parsec.Token)
+  -> Parser   -> [Decl]      (AST.hs)
+  -> TypeCheck -> TypedDecl
+  -> Compile   -> Aeson Value  (nftables JSON)
+```
+
+The interpreter (`Interpret.hs`) runs the policy against a mock packet environment
+and is separate from the compiler. It uses the same typed AST.
+
+### Compiler Synthesis
+
+These constructs are synthesised by `Compile.hs` and do not appear directly in the
+nftables output as user-written rules:
+
+| FWL construct        | Synthesised nftables output |
+|----------------------|-----------------------------|
+| `portforward` decl   | A named `map`, a `nat hook prerouting priority dstnat` chain with `fib daddr type local` guard and `dnat ip to ... map` rewrite, and a `ct status dnat accept` rule injected into every `Forward` chain in the file. |
+| `masquerade` decl    | A `nat hook postrouting priority srcnat` chain with `ip saddr @set masquerade` rule. |
+| Filter hook policy   | `ct state { established, related } accept` (stateful), `iifname "lo" accept` (loopback), and `meta nfproto ipv6 ip6 nexthdr ipv6-icmp ip6 saddr fe80::/10 accept` (NDP) are prepended automatically to every `Input`, `Forward`, and `Output` chain before user-written rules. |
+
+These injections are intentional and documented in `doc/fwl_grammar.md`. Do not remove
+them without updating the grammar document and all affected tests.
+
+---
+
+## Reserved Words Rule
+
+**Only syntactic keywords belong in `reservedNames` in `Lexer.hs`.**
+A word is a syntactic keyword if and only if `Parser.hs` uses `reserved "word"` for it.
+
+Semantic values — action constructors (`Allow`, `Drop`, `Masquerade`),
+effect labels (`Log`, `Warn`, `Error`), result constructors (`Matched`, `Unmatched`),
+and type names (`Frame`, `FlowPattern`, `Action`) — must NOT be in `reservedNames`.
+They are parsed as plain identifiers so they can appear in type, pattern,
+and expression positions without causing parse errors.
+
+If you add a new keyword: add it to both `reservedNames` in `Lexer.hs`
+AND use `reserved "word"` in `Parser.hs`. Never add a word to only one place.
+
+**Current reserved keywords:**
+```
+config    interface  zone      import    from
+let       in        pattern    flow      rule      policy    on
+case      of        if         then      else      do        perform
+within    as        dynamic    cidr4     cidr6
+hook      priority
+portforward  masquerade
+WAN       LAN       WireGuard
+Input     Forward   Output     Prerouting  Postrouting
+Filter    NAT       Mangle     DstNat      SrcNat
+Raw       ConnTrack
+true      false
+```
+
+> `table` is **not** a reserved keyword — it was removed when `policyDecl` switched
+> from the verbose `on { hook = ..., table = ..., priority = ... }` syntax to the
+> compact `hook <Hook> [priority <P>]` form.
+
+---
+
+## Policy Hook Syntax
+
+The `on { hook = ..., table = ..., priority = ... }` block is gone.
+Policies now use:
+
+```fwl
+policy name : Frame hook Input = { ... };
+-- or with a non-default priority:
+policy name : Frame hook Prerouting priority Mangle = { ... };
+```
+
+The table is inferred from the hook; the priority defaults to the canonical
+value for that hook. See `doc/fwl_grammar.md` → *Policy Declaration* for the
+full hook-to-table-to-priority mapping.
+
+---
+
+## IP Address Representation
+
+IP addresses are stored as plain `Integer` in the AST (see `AST.hs`):
+
+- **IPv4**: 32-bit value in the low 32 bits of `Integer`.
+- **IPv6**: 128-bit value. All standard notations are supported including `::` compression
+  and embedded IPv4 (e.g. `::ffff:192.168.1.1`).
+- **CIDR**: `(Literal, Int)` — base address literal + prefix length.
+- **Validation**: host bits must be zero: `(addr .&. hostMask prefix bits) == 0`.
+
+Use `ipv4Lit a b c d` from `AST.hs` to construct IPv4 literals in tests.
+Never use tuple `(Word8, Word8, Word8, Word8)` — that type is gone.
+
+---
+
+## Priority
+
+`Priority` is `newtype Priority = Priority { priorityValue :: Int }`.
+Named constants are resolved at parse time in `priorityP`:
+
+| Name        | Value |
+|-------------|-------|
+| `Raw`       | -300  |
+| `ConnTrack` | -200  |
+| `Mangle`    | -150  |
+| `DstNat`    | -100  |
+| `Filter`    | 0     |
+| `SrcNat`    | 100   |
+
+The compiler emits `"prio": <int>` — always an integer in the nftables JSON,
+never a string. Do not use the old `priorityStr` function (deleted).
+
+---
+
+## Parser Conventions
+
+- All blocks use explicit `{ }` delimiters with trailing `;` on each item.
+  `endBy p semi` (not `semiSep`) is used wherever trailing semicolons are expected.
+- `mapLit` must be tried **before** `setLit` in `atom` — both start with `{`
+  and `mapLit` consumes `{ expr -> expr }` which `setLit` would misparse.
+- `framePat` must be wrapped in `try` in the `pat` alternatives — it is a
+  reserved-word-prefixed parser that can fail after consuming input.
+- Port literals (`:22`, `:8080`) in record field patterns use `fieldLiteral`,
+  not `literal` — the base `literal` parser does not handle `:N` syntax.
+- `Frame` and `FlowPattern` are NOT in `reservedNames`; they appear as type
+  names and must be accepted by `identifier`.
+- `portforward` and `masquerade` are in `reservedNames`; their parsers
+  (`portforwardDeclP`, `masqueradeDeclP`) must use `reserved` for these words.
+
+---
+
+## Testing Conventions
+
+- Test files use `{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}` — required because
+  `A.String` expects `Data.Text.Text`, not `String`.
+- IP address assertions use `LIP IPv4 n` / `LIP IPv6 n`, not the old
+  `LIPv4 (a,b,c,d)` tuple constructors.
+- Priority assertions use `Priority n` directly, e.g. `Priority 0`, `Priority (-100)`.
+- All parse tests must compile and pass before any PR is merged.
+- `CompileTests.hs` must include tests for `portforward` and `masquerade` synthesis
+  (synthesised chain names, injected `ct status dnat accept`, injected stateful/loopback/ndp rules).
+
+---
+
+## Boundaries
+
+### ✅ Safe to do without asking
+- Read any file, list directories
+- Run `cabal build`, `cabal test`, `cabal run fwlc`
+- Edit `src/`, `test/`, `examples/`, `doc/`
+- Add new test cases to existing test files
+
+### ⚠️ Ask first
+- Add or remove Cabal dependencies (`fwl.cabal`)
+- Rename or delete source modules
+- Change the nftables JSON schema emitted by `Compile.hs`
+- Modify `examples/simple-router.fwl` or `examples/router.fwl` in ways that change their semantics
+- Add new compiler-injected rules (stateful, loopback, ndp, or new ones)
+
+### 🚫 Never
+- Add semantic value names (`Allow`, `Drop`, `Log`, etc.) to `reservedNames`
+- Add `table` to `reservedNames` — it is not a keyword in the current grammar
+- Break the `cabal test` suite
+- Emit nftables `"prio"` as a string — it must always be an integer
+- Remove the implicit stateful/loopback/ndp injections from filter-hook chain compilation without updating the grammar doc and all tests

app/Main.hs

@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@ module Main where
 import System.Environment (getArgs)
 import System.Exit (exitFailure, exitSuccess)
 import System.IO (hPutStrLn, stderr)
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy.Char8 as BL
 
 import FWL.Parser  (parseFile)
 import FWL.Pretty  (prettyProgram)
 import FWL.Check   (checkProgram)
-import FWL.Compile (compileToJson, compileProgram)
+import FWL.Compile (compileToJson)
 
 main :: IO ()
 main = do
@@ -32,9 +33,7 @@ runCheck fp = do
       let errs = checkProgram prog
       if null errs
         then putStrLn "OK" >> exitSuccess
-        else do
+        else mapM_ (hPutStrLn stderr . show) errs >> exitFailure
-          mapM_ (hPutStrLn stderr . show) errs
-          exitFailure
 
 runCompile :: FilePath -> IO ()
 runCompile fp = do
@@ -44,10 +43,8 @@ runCompile fp = do
     Right prog -> do
       let errs = checkProgram prog
       if null errs
-        then putStrLn (compileToJson prog)
+        then BL.putStrLn (compileToJson prog)
-        else do
+        else mapM_ (hPutStrLn stderr . ("Check error: " ++) . show) errs >> exitFailure
-          mapM_ (hPutStrLn stderr . ("Check error: " ++) . show) errs
-          exitFailure
 
 runPretty :: FilePath -> IO ()
 runPretty fp = do

doc/ref/ruleset-1.nft

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+#!/usr/sbin/nft -f
+# Compiled from examples/router.fwl
+# Single inet table: fwl
+
+flush ruleset
+
+table inet fwl {
+
+    # ── Data: let rfc1918 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    set rfc1918 {
+        type ipv4_addr
+        flags interval
+        elements = {
+            10.0.0.0/8,
+            172.16.0.0/12,
+            192.168.0.0/16
+        }
+    }
+
+    # ── Data: let forwards ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    map forwards {
+        type inet_proto . inet_service : ipv4_addr . inet_service
+        elements = {
+            tcp . 8080 : 10.17.1.10 . 80,
+            tcp . 2222 : 10.17.1.11 . 22
+        }
+    }
+
+    # ── WireGuard ct mark state machine ─────────────────────────────────────
+    # Compiles: flow WireGuardHandshake = WGInitiation . WGResponse within 5s
+    # State: ct mark 0 = Idle, 1 = SawInitiation, 2 = Confirmed
+    #
+    # WGInitiation: UDP, udp length == 156 (8 hdr + 148 payload), payload[0] == 0x01
+    # WGResponse:   UDP, udp length == 100 (8 hdr + 92 payload),  payload[0] == 0x02
+    # @th,64,8 = first byte of UDP payload (offset 64 bits past transport header start)
+
+    chain wg_flow {
+        # Packet 1: Idle → SawInitiation
+        ct state new ct mark 0 \
+            meta l4proto udp udp length 156 \
+            @th,64,8 0x01 \
+            ct mark set 1 \
+            return
+
+        # Packet 2: SawInitiation → Confirmed
+        ct mark 1 \
+            meta l4proto udp udp length 100 \
+            @th,64,8 0x02 \
+            ct mark set 2 \
+            return
+    }
+
+    # ── rule blockOutboundWG ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # Compiles: rule blockOutboundWG : Frame -> <FlowMatch, Log> Action
+    # Called via jump from forward. Drops confirmed WG handshakes, returns otherwise.
+
+    chain blockOutboundWG {
+        # Feed matching UDP into the WG state machine
+        meta nfproto ipv4 meta l4proto udp \
+            udp length 156 \
+            @th,64,8 0x01 \
+            jump wg_flow
+
+        # If handshake is now Confirmed (ct mark 2): log + drop
+        ct mark 2 \
+            log prefix "WG blocked: " level warn \
+            drop
+
+        # Continue: return to forward chain (no verdict)
+        return
+    }
+
+    # ── policy input ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # hook = Input, table = Filter, priority = filter (0), default = drop
+
+    chain input {
+        type filter hook input priority filter; policy drop;
+
+        # | _ if ct.state in { Established, Related } -> Allow
+        ct state { established, related } accept
+
+        # | Frame(lo, _) -> Allow
+        iifname "lo" accept
+
+        # | Frame(_, IPv6(ip6, ICMPv6(_, _))) if ip6.src in fe80::/10 -> Allow
+        meta nfproto ipv6 ip6 nexthdr ipv6-icmp ip6 saddr fe80::/10 accept
+
+        # | Frame(_, IPv4(_, TCP(tcp, _))) if tcp.dport == :22 -> Allow
+        meta nfproto ipv4 meta l4proto tcp tcp dport 22 accept
+
+        # | Frame(_, IPv4(_, UDP(udp, _))) if udp.dport == :51944 -> Allow
+        meta nfproto ipv4 meta l4proto udp udp dport 51944 accept
+
+        # | _ -> Drop  (chain policy)
+    }
+
+    # ── policy forward ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # hook = Forward, table = Filter, priority = filter (0), default = drop
+
+    chain forward {
+        type filter hook forward priority filter; policy drop;
+
+        # | _ if ct.state in { Established, Related } -> Allow
+        ct state { established, related } accept
+
+        # | frame if iif in lan_zone && oif == wan -> blockOutboundWG(frame)
+        meta iifname { "lan", "wg0" } meta oifname "wan" jump blockOutboundWG
+
+        # | _ if ct.status == DNAT -> Allow
+        ct status dnat accept
+
+        # | Frame(iif in lan_zone -> wan, _) -> Allow
+        meta iifname { "lan", "wg0" } meta oifname "wan" accept
+
+        # | Frame(iif in lan_zone -> lan_zone, _) -> Allow
+        meta iifname { "lan", "wg0" } meta oifname { "lan", "wg0" } accept
+
+        # | Frame(wan -> lan_zone, IPv4(ip, TCP|UDP)) if (proto, dport) in forwards -> Allow
+        # Membership test only — the actual DNAT is done in nat_prerouting.
+        meta iifname "wan" meta oifname { "lan", "wg0" } \
+            meta nfproto ipv4 \
+            meta l4proto { tcp, udp } \
+            meta l4proto . th dport @forwards \
+            accept
+
+        # | _ -> Drop  (chain policy)
+    }
+
+    # ── policy output ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # hook = Output, table = Filter, priority = filter (0), default = accept
+
+    chain output {
+        type filter hook output priority filter; policy accept;
+        # | _ -> Allow  (chain policy)
+    }
+
+    # ── policy nat_prerouting ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # hook = Prerouting, table = NAT, priority = dstnat (-100), default = accept
+
+    chain nat_prerouting {
+        type nat hook prerouting priority dstnat; policy accept;
+
+        # | Frame(_, IPv4(ip, TCP|UDP)) ->
+        #     if FIB.daddrLocal(ip.dst) then DNATMap((proto, dport), forwards) else Allow
+        meta nfproto ipv4 meta l4proto { tcp, udp } \
+            fib daddr type local \
+            dnat ip to meta l4proto . th dport map @forwards
+
+        # | _ -> Allow  (chain policy)
+    }
+
+    # ── policy nat_postrouting ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # hook = Postrouting, table = NAT, priority = srcnat (100), default = accept
+
+    chain nat_postrouting {
+        type nat hook postrouting priority srcnat; policy accept;
+
+        # | Frame(_ -> wan, IPv4(ip, _)) if ip.src in rfc1918 -> Masquerade
+        meta oifname "wan" meta nfproto ipv4 ip saddr @rfc1918 masquerade
+
+        # | _ -> Allow  (chain policy)
+    }
+}

examples/router.fwl

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+-- Example: home router firewall in FWL
+-- Compile with: fwlc compile examples/router.fwl
+
+interface wan  : WAN { dynamic; };
+interface lan  : LAN { cidr4 = { 10.17.1.0/24 }; };
+interface wg0  : WireGuard {};
+
+zone lan_zone = { lan, wg0 };
+
+let rfc1918 : Set<IPv4> = { 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16 };
+
+let open_ports : Set<Port> = { :22 };
+
+-- WireGuard handshake detection (compiles to ct mark state machine)
+pattern WGInitiation : (UDPHeader, Bytes) =
+  (udp { length = 156 }, [0x01 _*]);
+
+pattern WGResponse : (UDPHeader, Bytes) =
+  (udp { length = 100 }, [0x02 _*]);
+
+flow WireGuardHandshake : FlowPattern =
+  WGInitiation . WGResponse within 5s;
+
+-- Block LAN clients from tunnelling out via WireGuard
+rule blockOutboundWG : Frame -> <FlowMatch, Log> Action =
+  \frame ->
+    case frame of {
+      | Frame(iif in lan_zone -> wan, IPv4(ip, UDP(udp, payload)))
+          if matches(WGInitiation, (udp, payload)) ->
+            case perform FlowMatch.check(flowOf(ip, wg), WireGuardHandshake) of {
+              | Matched -> do {
+                  perform Log.emit(Warn, "WG blocked");
+                  Drop
+                };
+              | _ -> Continue;
+            };
+      | _ -> Continue;
+    };
+
+-- Port-forward map: incoming proto+port -> internal addr+port
+portforward wan_forwards
+    on  wan
+    via Map<(Protocol, Port), (IPv4, Port)> = {
+        (tcp, :8080) -> (10.17.1.10, :80),
+        (tcp, :2222) -> (10.17.1.11, :22)
+    };
+
+-- Masquerade outbound traffic from RFC1918 sources
+masquerade wan_snat
+    on  wan
+    src rfc1918;
+
+-- Inbound to router
+policy input : Frame hook Input = {
+    | Frame(_, IPv4(_, TCP(tcp, _)))
+        if tcp.dport in open_ports                              -> Allow;
+    | Frame(_, IPv4(_, UDP(udp, _)))
+        if udp.dport == :51944                                  -> Allow;
+    | _                                                         -> Drop;
+};
+
+-- Forwarded traffic
+policy forward : Frame hook Forward = {
+    | frame if iif in lan_zone && oif == wan                    -> blockOutboundWG(frame);
+    | Frame(iif in lan_zone -> wan, _)                          -> Allow;
+    | Frame(iif in lan_zone -> lan_zone, _)                     -> Allow;
+    | _                                                         -> Drop;
+};

examples/simple-router.fwl

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+interface wan     : WAN { dynamic; };
+interface lan     : LAN { cidr4 = { 10.0.0.0/24 }; };
+
+zone lan_zone = { lan };
+
+let rfc1918 : Set<IPv4> = { 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16 };
+
+let open_ports : Set<Port> = { :22 };
+
+let forwards_v6 : Set<(Protocol, IPv6, Port)> = {
+    (tcp, 2001:db8::1, :22000)
+};
+
+portforward wan_forwards
+    on  wan
+    via Map<(Protocol, Port), (IPv4, Port)> = {
+        (tcp, :8080) -> (10.0.0.10, :80)
+    };
+
+masquerade wan_snat
+    on  wan
+    src rfc1918;
+
+policy input : Frame hook Input = {
+    | Frame(_, IPv4(_, TCP(tcp, _)))
+        if tcp.dport in open_ports                          -> Allow;
+    | Frame(_, IPv4(_, UDP(udp, _)))
+        if udp.dport == :51944                              -> Allow;
+    | _                                                     -> Drop;
+};
+
+policy forward : Frame hook Forward = {
+    | Frame(iif in lan_zone -> wan, _)                      -> Allow;
+    | Frame(wan -> iif in lan_zone, IPv6(ip6, TCP(th, _) | UDP(th, _)))
+        if (ip6.protocol, ip6.dst, th.dport) in forwards_v6 -> Allow;
+    | _                                                     -> Drop;
+};

examples/simple-router.fwl.json

@@ -0,0 +1,734 @@
+{
+    "nftables": [
+        {
+            "metainfo": {
+                "json_schema_version": 1
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "table": {
+                "family": "inet",
+                "name": "fwl"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "chain": {
+                "family": "inet",
+                "hook": "input",
+                "name": "input",
+                "policy": "drop",
+                "prio": 0,
+                "table": "fwl",
+                "type": "filter"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "chain": {
+                "family": "inet",
+                "hook": "forward",
+                "name": "forward",
+                "policy": "drop",
+                "prio": 0,
+                "table": "fwl",
+                "type": "filter"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "chain": {
+                "family": "inet",
+                "hook": "prerouting",
+                "name": "wan_forwards_prerouting",
+                "policy": "accept",
+                "prio": -100,
+                "table": "fwl",
+                "type": "nat"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "chain": {
+                "family": "inet",
+                "hook": "postrouting",
+                "name": "wan_snat_postrouting",
+                "policy": "accept",
+                "prio": 100,
+                "table": "fwl",
+                "type": "nat"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "map": {
+                "elem": [
+                    [
+                        {
+                            "concat": [
+                                "tcp",
+                                8080
+                            ]
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "concat": [
+                                "10.0.0.10",
+                                80
+                            ]
+                        }
+                    ]
+                ],
+                "family": "inet",
+                "map": [
+                    "ipv4_addr",
+                    "inet_service"
+                ],
+                "name": "wan_forwards",
+                "table": "fwl",
+                "type": [
+                    "inet_proto",
+                    "inet_service"
+                ]
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "set": {
+                "elem": [
+                    {
+                        "prefix": {
+                            "addr": "10.0.0.0",
+                            "len": 8
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "prefix": {
+                            "addr": "172.16.0.0",
+                            "len": 12
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "prefix": {
+                            "addr": "192.168.0.0",
+                            "len": 16
+                        }
+                    }
+                ],
+                "family": "inet",
+                "flags": [
+                    "interval"
+                ],
+                "name": "rfc1918",
+                "table": "fwl",
+                "type": "ipv4_addr"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "set": {
+                "elem": [
+                    22
+                ],
+                "family": "inet",
+                "name": "open_ports",
+                "table": "fwl",
+                "type": "inet_service"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "set": {
+                "elem": [
+                    {
+                        "concat": [
+                            "tcp",
+                            "2001:db8:0:0:0:0:0:1",
+                            22000
+                        ]
+                    }
+                ],
+                "family": "inet",
+                "name": "forwards_v6",
+                "table": "fwl",
+                "type": [
+                    "inet_proto",
+                    "ipv6_addr",
+                    "inet_service"
+                ]
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "rule": {
+                "chain": "input",
+                "expr": [
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "ct": {
+                                    "key": "state"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": {
+                                "set": [
+                                    "established",
+                                    "related"
+                                ]
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "accept": null
+                    }
+                ],
+                "family": "inet",
+                "table": "fwl"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "rule": {
+                "chain": "input",
+                "expr": [
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "meta": {
+                                    "key": "iifname"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "lo"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "accept": null
+                    }
+                ],
+                "family": "inet",
+                "table": "fwl"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "rule": {
+                "chain": "input",
+                "expr": [
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "payload": {
+                                    "field": "nexthdr",
+                                    "protocol": "ip6"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "ipv6-icmp"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "payload": {
+                                    "field": "saddr",
+                                    "protocol": "ip6"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": {
+                                "prefix": {
+                                    "addr": "fe80::",
+                                    "len": 10
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "accept": null
+                    }
+                ],
+                "family": "inet",
+                "table": "fwl"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "rule": {
+                "chain": "input",
+                "expr": [
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "meta": {
+                                    "key": "nfproto"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "ipv4"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "meta": {
+                                    "key": "l4proto"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "tcp"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "payload": {
+                                    "field": "dport",
+                                    "protocol": "tcp"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "@open_ports"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "accept": null
+                    }
+                ],
+                "family": "inet",
+                "table": "fwl"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "rule": {
+                "chain": "input",
+                "expr": [
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "meta": {
+                                    "key": "nfproto"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "ipv4"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "meta": {
+                                    "key": "l4proto"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "udp"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "payload": {
+                                    "field": "dport",
+                                    "protocol": "udp"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "51944"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "accept": null
+                    }
+                ],
+                "family": "inet",
+                "table": "fwl"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "rule": {
+                "chain": "input",
+                "expr": [
+                    {
+                        "drop": null
+                    }
+                ],
+                "family": "inet",
+                "table": "fwl"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "rule": {
+                "chain": "forward",
+                "expr": [
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "ct": {
+                                    "key": "state"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": {
+                                "set": [
+                                    "established",
+                                    "related"
+                                ]
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "accept": null
+                    }
+                ],
+                "family": "inet",
+                "table": "fwl"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "rule": {
+                "chain": "forward",
+                "expr": [
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "ct": {
+                                    "key": "status"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "in",
+                            "right": "dnat"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "accept": null
+                    }
+                ],
+                "family": "inet",
+                "table": "fwl"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "rule": {
+                "chain": "forward",
+                "expr": [
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "meta": {
+                                    "key": "iifname"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "in",
+                            "right": {
+                                "set": [
+                                    "lan"
+                                ]
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "meta": {
+                                    "key": "oifname"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "wan"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "accept": null
+                    }
+                ],
+                "family": "inet",
+                "table": "fwl"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "rule": {
+                "chain": "forward",
+                "expr": [
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "meta": {
+                                    "key": "iifname"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "wan"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "meta": {
+                                    "key": "oifname"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "in",
+                            "right": {
+                                "set": [
+                                    "lan"
+                                ]
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "meta": {
+                                    "key": "nfproto"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "ipv6"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "meta": {
+                                    "key": "l4proto"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "tcp"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "concat": [
+                                    {
+                                        "meta": {
+                                            "key": "l4proto"
+                                        }
+                                    },
+                                    {
+                                        "payload": {
+                                            "field": "daddr",
+                                            "protocol": "ip6"
+                                        }
+                                    },
+                                    {
+                                        "payload": {
+                                            "field": "dport",
+                                            "protocol": "th"
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                ]
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "@forwards_v6"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "accept": null
+                    }
+                ],
+                "family": "inet",
+                "table": "fwl"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "rule": {
+                "chain": "forward",
+                "expr": [
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "meta": {
+                                    "key": "iifname"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "wan"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "meta": {
+                                    "key": "oifname"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "in",
+                            "right": {
+                                "set": [
+                                    "lan"
+                                ]
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "meta": {
+                                    "key": "nfproto"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "ipv6"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "meta": {
+                                    "key": "l4proto"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "udp"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "concat": [
+                                    {
+                                        "meta": {
+                                            "key": "l4proto"
+                                        }
+                                    },
+                                    {
+                                        "payload": {
+                                            "field": "daddr",
+                                            "protocol": "ip6"
+                                        }
+                                    },
+                                    {
+                                        "payload": {
+                                            "field": "dport",
+                                            "protocol": "th"
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                ]
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "@forwards_v6"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "accept": null
+                    }
+                ],
+                "family": "inet",
+                "table": "fwl"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "rule": {
+                "chain": "forward",
+                "expr": [
+                    {
+                        "drop": null
+                    }
+                ],
+                "family": "inet",
+                "table": "fwl"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "rule": {
+                "chain": "wan_forwards_prerouting",
+                "expr": [
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "meta": {
+                                    "key": "nfproto"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "ipv4"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "meta": {
+                                    "key": "l4proto"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "in",
+                            "right": {
+                                "set": [
+                                    "tcp",
+                                    "udp"
+                                ]
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "fib": {
+                                    "flags": [
+                                        "daddr"
+                                    ],
+                                    "result": "type"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "local"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "dnat": {
+                            "addr": {
+                                "map": {
+                                    "data": "@wan_forwards",
+                                    "key": {
+                                        "concat": [
+                                            {
+                                                "meta": {
+                                                    "key": "l4proto"
+                                                }
+                                            },
+                                            {
+                                                "payload": {
+                                                    "field": "dport",
+                                                    "protocol": "th"
+                                                }
+                                            }
+                                        ]
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "family": "ip"
+                        }
+                    }
+                ],
+                "family": "inet",
+                "table": "fwl"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "rule": {
+                "chain": "wan_snat_postrouting",
+                "expr": [
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "meta": {
+                                    "key": "oifname"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "wan"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "match": {
+                            "left": {
+                                "payload": {
+                                    "field": "saddr",
+                                    "protocol": "ip"
+                                }
+                            },
+                            "op": "==",
+                            "right": "@rfc1918"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "masquerade": null
+                    }
+                ],
+                "family": "inet",
+                "table": "fwl"
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}

examples/simple-router.nft

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+table inet fwl {
+
+    # ── let rfc1918 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    set rfc1918 {
+        type ipv4_addr
+        flags interval
+        elements = {
+            10.0.0.0/8,
+            172.16.0.0/12,
+            192.168.0.0/16
+        }
+    }
+
+    # ── let open_ports : Set<Port> ───────────────────────────────────────────
+    set open_ports {
+        type inet_service
+        elements = { 22 }
+    }
+
+    # ── let forwards_v6 : Set<(Protocol, IP, Port)> ──────────────────────────
+    set forwards_v6 {
+        type inet_proto . ipv6_addr . inet_service
+        elements = {
+            tcp . 2001:db8::1 . 22000
+        }
+    }
+
+    # ── let forwards : Map<(Protocol, Port), (IP, Port)> ────────────────────
+    map forwards {
+        type inet_proto . inet_service : ipv4_addr . inet_service
+        elements = {
+            tcp . 8080 : 10.0.0.10 . 80
+        }
+    }
+
+    # ── zone lan_zone = { lan } ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # Zones compile to anonymous sets wherever referenced in iifname/oifname.
+    # With a single member the set degenerates to a plain string match,
+    # but we keep the set form so the compiler output is uniform regardless
+    # of zone size.
+    set lan_zone {
+        type ifname
+        elements = { "lan" }
+    }
+
+    # ── policy input ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    chain input {
+        type filter hook input priority filter; policy drop;
+
+        ct state { established, related } accept
+        iifname "lo" accept
+        meta nfproto ipv6 ip6 nexthdr ipv6-icmp ip6 saddr fe80::/10 accept
+        meta nfproto ipv4 meta l4proto tcp tcp dport @open_ports accept
+        meta nfproto ipv4 meta l4proto udp udp dport 51944 accept
+    }
+
+    # ── policy forward ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    chain forward {
+        type filter hook forward priority filter; policy drop;
+
+        ct state { established, related } accept
+        ct status dnat accept
+
+        # | Frame(iif in lan_zone -> wan, _) -> Allow
+        meta iifname @lan_zone meta oifname "wan" accept
+
+        # | Frame(wan -> iif in lan_zone, IPv4 TCP|UDP) if (proto,dport) in forwards
+        meta iifname "wan" meta oifname @lan_zone \
+            meta nfproto ipv4 meta l4proto { tcp, udp } \
+            meta l4proto . th dport @forwards accept
+
+        # | Frame(wan -> iif in lan_zone, IPv6 TCP|UDP) if (proto,dst,dport) in forwards_v6
+        meta iifname "wan" meta oifname @lan_zone \
+            meta nfproto ipv6 meta l4proto { tcp, udp } \
+            meta l4proto . ip6 daddr . th dport @forwards_v6 accept
+    }
+
+    # ── policy output ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    chain output {
+        type filter hook output priority filter; policy accept;
+    }
+
+    # ── policy nat_prerouting ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    chain nat_prerouting {
+        type nat hook prerouting priority dstnat; policy accept;
+
+        meta nfproto ipv4 meta l4proto { tcp, udp } \
+            fib daddr type local \
+            dnat ip to meta l4proto . th dport map @forwards
+    }
+
+    # ── policy nat_postrouting ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+    chain nat_postrouting {
+        type nat hook postrouting priority srcnat; policy accept;
+
+        meta oifname "wan" meta nfproto ipv4 ip saddr @rfc1918 masquerade
+    }
+}

examples/simple-router.nft.json

@@ -0,0 +1,693 @@
+{
+	"nftables": [
+		{
+			"metainfo": {
+				"version": "1.1.6",
+				"release_name": "Commodore Bullmoose #7",
+				"json_schema_version": 1
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"table": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"name": "fwl"
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"chain": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"name": "input",
+				"type": "filter",
+				"hook": "input",
+				"prio": 0,
+				"policy": "drop"
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"chain": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"name": "forward",
+				"type": "filter",
+				"hook": "forward",
+				"prio": 0,
+				"policy": "drop"
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"chain": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"name": "output",
+				"type": "filter",
+				"hook": "output",
+				"prio": 0,
+				"policy": "accept"
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"chain": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"name": "nat_prerouting",
+				"type": "nat",
+				"hook": "prerouting",
+				"prio": -100,
+				"policy": "accept"
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"chain": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"name": "nat_postrouting",
+				"type": "nat",
+				"hook": "postrouting",
+				"prio": 100,
+				"policy": "accept"
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"set": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"name": "rfc1918",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"type": "ipv4_addr",
+				"flags": [
+					"interval"
+				],
+				"elem": [
+					{
+						"prefix": {
+							"addr": "10.0.0.0",
+							"len": 8
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"prefix": {
+							"addr": "172.16.0.0",
+							"len": 12
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"prefix": {
+							"addr": "192.168.0.0",
+							"len": 16
+						}
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"set": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"name": "open_ports",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"type": "inet_service",
+				"elem": [
+					22
+				]
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"set": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"name": "forwards_v6",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"type": [
+					"inet_proto",
+					"ipv6_addr",
+					"inet_service"
+				],
+				"elem": [
+					{
+						"concat": [
+							"tcp",
+							"2001:db8::1",
+							22000
+						]
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"map": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"name": "forwards",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"type": [
+					"inet_proto",
+					"inet_service"
+				],
+				"map": [
+					"ipv4_addr",
+					"inet_service"
+				],
+				"elem": [
+					[
+						{
+							"concat": [
+								"tcp",
+								8080
+							]
+						},
+						{
+							"concat": [
+								"10.0.0.10",
+								80
+							]
+						}
+					]
+				]
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"set": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"name": "lan_zone",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"type": "ifname",
+				"elem": [
+					"lan"
+				]
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"rule": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"chain": "input",
+				"expr": [
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"ct": {
+									"key": "state"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": {
+								"set": [
+									"established",
+									"related"
+								]
+							}
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"accept": null
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"rule": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"chain": "input",
+				"expr": [
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"meta": {
+									"key": "iifname"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": "lo"
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"accept": null
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"rule": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"chain": "input",
+				"expr": [
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"payload": {
+									"protocol": "ip6",
+									"field": "nexthdr"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": "ipv6-icmp"
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"payload": {
+									"protocol": "ip6",
+									"field": "saddr"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": {
+								"prefix": {
+									"addr": "fe80::",
+									"len": 10
+								}
+							}
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"accept": null
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"rule": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"chain": "input",
+				"expr": [
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"meta": {
+									"key": "nfproto"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": "ipv4"
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"payload": {
+									"protocol": "tcp",
+									"field": "dport"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": "@open_ports"
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"accept": null
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"rule": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"chain": "input",
+				"expr": [
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"meta": {
+									"key": "nfproto"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": "ipv4"
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"payload": {
+									"protocol": "udp",
+									"field": "dport"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": 51944
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"accept": null
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"rule": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"chain": "forward",
+				"expr": [
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"ct": {
+									"key": "state"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": {
+								"set": [
+									"established",
+									"related"
+								]
+							}
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"accept": null
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"rule": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"chain": "forward",
+				"expr": [
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "in",
+							"left": {
+								"ct": {
+									"key": "status"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": "dnat"
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"accept": null
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"rule": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"chain": "forward",
+				"expr": [
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"meta": {
+									"key": "iifname"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": "@lan_zone"
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"meta": {
+									"key": "oifname"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": "wan"
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"accept": null
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"rule": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"chain": "forward",
+				"expr": [
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"meta": {
+									"key": "iifname"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": "wan"
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"meta": {
+									"key": "oifname"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": "@lan_zone"
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"meta": {
+									"key": "nfproto"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": "ipv4"
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"meta": {
+									"key": "l4proto"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": {
+								"set": [
+									"tcp",
+									"udp"
+								]
+							}
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"concat": [
+									{
+										"meta": {
+											"key": "l4proto"
+										}
+									},
+									{
+										"payload": {
+											"protocol": "th",
+											"field": "dport"
+										}
+									}
+								]
+							},
+							"right": "@forwards"
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"accept": null
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"rule": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"chain": "forward",
+				"expr": [
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"meta": {
+									"key": "iifname"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": "wan"
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"meta": {
+									"key": "oifname"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": "@lan_zone"
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"meta": {
+									"key": "l4proto"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": {
+								"set": [
+									"tcp",
+									"udp"
+								]
+							}
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"concat": [
+									{
+										"meta": {
+											"key": "l4proto"
+										}
+									},
+									{
+										"payload": {
+											"protocol": "ip6",
+											"field": "daddr"
+										}
+									},
+									{
+										"payload": {
+											"protocol": "th",
+											"field": "dport"
+										}
+									}
+								]
+							},
+							"right": "@forwards_v6"
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"accept": null
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"rule": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"chain": "nat_prerouting",
+				"expr": [
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"meta": {
+									"key": "nfproto"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": "ipv4"
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"meta": {
+									"key": "l4proto"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": {
+								"set": [
+									"tcp",
+									"udp"
+								]
+							}
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"fib": {
+									"result": "type",
+									"flags": [
+										"daddr"
+									]
+								}
+							},
+							"right": "local"
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"dnat": {
+							"family": "ip",
+							"addr": {
+								"map": {
+									"key": {
+										"concat": [
+											{
+												"meta": {
+													"key": "l4proto"
+												}
+											},
+											{
+												"payload": {
+													"protocol": "th",
+													"field": "dport"
+												}
+											}
+										]
+									},
+									"data": "@forwards"
+								}
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"rule": {
+				"family": "inet",
+				"table": "fwl",
+				"chain": "nat_postrouting",
+				"expr": [
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"meta": {
+									"key": "oifname"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": "wan"
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"match": {
+							"op": "==",
+							"left": {
+								"payload": {
+									"protocol": "ip",
+									"field": "saddr"
+								}
+							},
+							"right": "@rfc1918"
+						}
+					},
+					{
+						"masquerade": null
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		}
+	]
+}

fwl.cabal

@@ -36,3 +36,23 @@ executable fwlc
   hs-source-dirs:   app
   build-depends:
       base, fwl, text, aeson-pretty, bytestring
+
+test-suite fwl-tests
+  import:           shared
+  type:             exitcode-stdio-1.0
+  main-is:          Spec.hs
+  hs-source-dirs:   test
+  other-modules:
+      FWL.Util
+    , ParserTests
+    , CheckTests
+    , CompileTests
+  build-depends:
+      base, fwl
+    , tasty           >= 1.4
+    , tasty-hunit     >= 0.10
+    , aeson           >= 2.0
+    , aeson-pretty    >= 0.8
+    , bytestring      >= 0.11
+    , parsec          >= 3.1
+    , vector          >= 0.12

src/FWL/AST.hs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 module FWL.AST where
 
-import Data.Word (Word8, Word16)
+import Data.Bits ((.&.), (.|.), shiftL, shiftR)
+import Data.Word (Word8)  -- Word8 still used for ByteElem/hex literals
 
 type Name = String
 
@@ -27,8 +28,12 @@ data Decl
   | DLet         Name Type Expr
   | DPattern     Name Type Pat
   | DFlow        Name FlowExpr
-  | DRule       Name Type Expr          -- body must be ELam
+  | DRule        Name Type Expr
   | DPolicy      Name Type PolicyMeta ArmBlock
+  | DPortForward Name Name Type [(Expr, Expr)]
+    -- ^ decl-name  interface-name  map-type  map-entries
+  | DMasquerade  Name Name Name
+    -- ^ decl-name  interface-name  src-set-name
   deriving (Show)
 
 data PolicyMeta = PolicyMeta
@@ -41,9 +46,22 @@ data Hook      = HInput | HForward | HOutput | HPrerouting | HPostrouting
   deriving (Show, Eq)
 data TableName = TFilter | TNAT
   deriving (Show, Eq)
-data Priority  = PFilter | PDstNat | PSrcNat | PMangle | PInt Int
+-- Priority is always an integer in the nftables JSON.
+-- Named constants are resolved to their numeric values at parse time.
+newtype Priority = Priority { priorityValue :: Int }
   deriving (Show, Eq)
 
+-- Standard nftables priority constants
+pRaw, pConnTrackDefrag, pConnTrack, pMangle, pDstNat, pFilter, pSecurity, pSrcNat :: Priority
+pRaw             = Priority (-300)
+pConnTrackDefrag = Priority (-400)
+pConnTrack       = Priority (-200)
+pMangle          = Priority (-150)
+pDstNat          = Priority (-100)
+pFilter          = Priority 0
+pSecurity        = Priority 50
+pSrcNat          = Priority 100
+
 data IfaceKind = IWan | ILan | IWireGuard | IUser Name
   deriving (Show)
 
@@ -53,23 +71,28 @@ data IfaceProp
   | IPCidr6 [CIDR]
   deriving (Show)
 
+-- | A CIDR block: base address literal paired with prefix length.
+-- e.g. (LIPv4 (10,0,0,0), 8) represents 10.0.0.0/8
+type CIDR = (Literal, Int)
+
 -- ─── Patterns ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 data Pat
   = PWild
   | PVar  Name
-  | PNamed Name                          -- first-class named pattern ref
+  | PNamed Name
-  | PCtor  Name [Pat]                    -- IPv4(ip, ...), TCP(tcp, ...)
+  | PCtor  Name [Pat]
-  | PRecord Name [FieldPat]              -- udp { length = 156 }
+  | PRecord Name [FieldPat]
   | PTuple [Pat]
-  | PFrame (Maybe PathPat) Pat           -- Frame(path?, inner)
+  | PFrame (Maybe PathPat) Pat
   | PBytes [ByteElem]
+  | POr Pat Pat
   deriving (Show)
 
 data FieldPat
-  = FPEq   Name Literal                  -- field = literal
+  = FPEq   Name Literal
-  | FPBind Name                          -- bind field to same-named var
+  | FPBind Name
-  | FPAs   Name Name                     -- field as var
+  | FPAs   Name Name
   deriving (Show)
 
 data PathPat  = PathPat (Maybe EndpointPat) (Maybe EndpointPat)
@@ -78,13 +101,13 @@ data PathPat  = PathPat (Maybe EndpointPat) (Maybe EndpointPat)
 data EndpointPat
   = EPWild
   | EPName   Name
-  | EPMember Name Name                   -- iif `in` zone
+  | EPMember Name Name
   deriving (Show)
 
 data ByteElem
   = BEHex  Word8
-  | BEWild                               -- _   (one byte)
+  | BEWild
-  | BEWildStar                           -- _*  (zero or more)
+  | BEWildStar
   deriving (Show)
 
 -- ─── Flow ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -95,8 +118,11 @@ data FlowExpr
   deriving (Show)
 
 type Duration = (Int, TimeUnit)
+
+-- Fix 1: TimeUnit must derive Eq because Literal (which embeds it via
+-- LDuration) derives Eq, requiring all constituent types to also have Eq.
 data TimeUnit = Seconds | Millis | Minutes | Hours
-  deriving (Show)
+  deriving (Show, Eq)
 
 -- ─── Types ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
@@ -111,7 +137,7 @@ data Type
 
 data Expr
   = EVar    Name
-  | EQual   [Name]                       -- qualified name, e.g. Log.emit
+  | EQual   [Name]
   | ELit    Literal
   | ELam    Name Expr
   | EApp    Expr Expr
@@ -122,7 +148,7 @@ data Expr
   | ETuple  [Expr]
   | ESet    [Expr]
   | EMap    [(Expr, Expr)]
-  | EPerform [Name] [Expr]               -- perform QualName(args)
+  | EPerform [Name] [Expr]
   | EInfix  InfixOp Expr Expr
   | ENot    Expr
   deriving (Show)
@@ -130,10 +156,10 @@ data Expr
 data InfixOp
   = OpAnd | OpOr
   | OpEq | OpNeq | OpLt | OpLte | OpGt | OpGte
-  | OpIn                                 -- `in` / `∈`
+  | OpIn
-  | OpConcat                             -- ++
+  | OpConcat
-  | OpThen                               -- >>
+  | OpThen
-  | OpBind                               -- >>=
+  | OpBind
   deriving (Show, Eq)
 
 data DoStmt
@@ -142,19 +168,71 @@ data DoStmt
   deriving (Show)
 
 type ArmBlock = [Arm]
-data Arm = Arm Pat (Maybe Expr) Expr     -- pattern, guard?, body
+data Arm = Arm Pat (Maybe Expr) Expr
   deriving (Show)
 
 -- ─── Literals ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
+-- IP addresses are stored as plain Integers for easy arithmetic,
+-- CIDR validation (mask host bits), and future subnet math.
+-- IPv4: 32-bit value in the low 32 bits.
+-- IPv6: 128-bit value.
+-- CIDR host-bit validation: (addr .&. hostMask prefix bits) == 0
+data IPVersion = IPv4 | IPv6
+  deriving (Show, Eq)
+
 data Literal
   = LInt      Int
   | LString   String
   | LBool     Bool
-  | LIPv4     (Word8,Word8,Word8,Word8)
+  | LIP       IPVersion Integer   -- unified IP address representation
-  | LIPv6     [Word16]
+  | LCIDR     Literal Int         -- base address + prefix length
-  | LCIDR     Literal Int
   | LPort     Int
   | LDuration Int TimeUnit
   | LHex      Word8
   deriving (Show, Eq)
+
+-- ─── IP address helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+-- | Build an IPv4 literal from four octets.
+ipv4Lit :: Int -> Int -> Int -> Int -> Literal
+ipv4Lit a b c d =
+  LIP IPv4 (fromIntegral a `shiftL` 24
+          .|. fromIntegral b `shiftL` 16
+          .|. fromIntegral c `shiftL` 8
+          .|. fromIntegral d)
+
+-- | Check that a CIDR has no host bits set.
+cidrHostBitsZero :: Integer -> Int -> Int -> Bool
+cidrHostBitsZero addr prefix bits =
+  let hostBits = bits - prefix
+      hostMask = (1 `shiftL` hostBits) - 1
+  in  (addr .&. hostMask) == 0
+
+-- | Render an IPv4 integer as a dotted-decimal string.
+renderIPv4 :: Integer -> String
+renderIPv4 n =
+  show ((n `shiftR` 24) .&. 0xff) ++ "." ++
+  show ((n `shiftR` 16) .&. 0xff) ++ "." ++
+  show ((n `shiftR`  8) .&. 0xff) ++ "." ++
+  show  (n              .&. 0xff)
+
+-- | Render an IPv6 integer as a condensed colon-hex string.
+renderIPv6 :: Integer -> String
+renderIPv6 n =
+  let groups = [ fromIntegral ((n `shiftR` (i * 16)) .&. 0xffff) :: Int
+               | i <- [7,6..0] ]
+      hexGroups = map (`showHex` "") groups
+  in  concatIntersperse ":" hexGroups
+  where
+    showHex x s = let h = showHexInt x in h ++ s
+    showHexInt x
+      | x == 0    = "0"
+      | otherwise = reverse (go x)
+      where go 0 = []
+            go v = let (q,r) = v `divMod` 16
+                       c     = "0123456789abcdef" !! r
+                   in  c : go q
+    concatIntersperse _ []     = ""
+    concatIntersperse _ [x]    = x
+    concatIntersperse s (x:xs) = x ++ s ++ concatIntersperse s xs

src/FWL/Check.hs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ module FWL.Check
   , CheckError(..)
   ) where
 
-import Data.List (foldl', nub)
+import Data.List (nub)
 import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map
 import qualified Data.Set as Set
 
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ data CheckError
   | PolicyNoContinue String          -- policy name
   | PatternCycle     [String]        -- cycle path
   | DuplicateDecl    String String   -- kind, name
+  | OrPatternMismatch [String] [String]
   deriving (Show, Eq)
 
 type Env = Map.Map String DeclKind
@@ -43,12 +44,14 @@ buildEnv = foldl' addDecl Map.empty
   where
     addDecl m (DInterface n _ _) = Map.insert n KInterface m
     addDecl m (DZone n _)        = Map.insert n KZone m
+    addDecl m (DImport n _ _)    = Map.insert n KLet m
     addDecl m (DLet n _ _)       = Map.insert n KLet m
     addDecl m (DPattern n _ _)   = Map.insert n KPattern m
     addDecl m (DFlow n _)        = Map.insert n KFlow m
     addDecl m (DRule n _ _)      = Map.insert n KRule m
     addDecl m (DPolicy n _ _ _)  = Map.insert n KPolicy m
-    addDecl m _                  = m
+    addDecl m (DPortForward n _ _ _) = Map.insert n KLet m
+    addDecl m (DMasquerade n _ _)    = Map.insert n KLet m
 
 findDups :: [Decl] -> [CheckError]
 findDups decls = go [] Set.empty decls
@@ -69,6 +72,8 @@ declName (DPattern n _ _)   = n
 declName (DFlow n _)        = n
 declName (DRule n _ _)      = n
 declName (DPolicy n _ _ _)  = n
+declName (DPortForward n _ _ _) = n
+declName (DMasquerade n _ _)    = n
 
 declKindStr :: Decl -> String
 declKindStr (DInterface _ _ _) = "interface"
@@ -79,6 +84,8 @@ declKindStr (DPattern _ _ _)   = "pattern"
 declKindStr (DFlow _ _)        = "flow"
 declKindStr (DRule _ _ _)      = "rule"
 declKindStr (DPolicy _ _ _ _)  = "policy"
+declKindStr (DPortForward _ _ _ _) = "portforward"
+declKindStr (DMasquerade _ _ _)    = "masquerade"
 
 -- ─── Name resolution ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
@@ -89,6 +96,12 @@ checkDecl env (DFlow _ fe)       = checkFlow env fe
 checkDecl env (DRule _ _ e)      = checkExpr env e
 checkDecl env (DPolicy _ _ _ ab) = concatMap (checkArm env) ab
 checkDecl env (DLet _ _ e)       = checkExpr env e
+checkDecl env (DPortForward _ iface _ entries) =
+  checkName env "interface" iface ++
+  concatMap (\(k,v) -> checkExpr env k ++ checkExpr env v) entries
+checkDecl env (DMasquerade _ iface srcSet) =
+  checkName env "interface" iface ++
+  checkName env "set" srcSet
 checkDecl _   _                  = []
 
 checkName :: Env -> String -> String -> [CheckError]
@@ -100,11 +113,12 @@ checkName env kind n
 isBuiltin :: String -> Bool
 isBuiltin n = n `elem`
   [ "ct", "iif", "oif", "lo", "wan", "lan"
-  , "tcp", "udp", "ip", "ip6", "eth"
+  , "tcp", "udp", "ip", "ip6", "eth", "wg"
   , "Established", "Related", "DNAT"
-  , "Allow", "Drop", "Continue", "Masquerade"
+  , "Allow", "Drop", "Continue", "Masquerade", "DNATMap"
   , "Matched", "Unmatched"
   , "true", "false"
+  , "matches", "flowOf", "Warn"
   ]
 
 checkPat :: Env -> Pat -> [CheckError]
@@ -116,6 +130,25 @@ checkPat env (PRecord _ fs)   = concatMap (checkFP env) fs
 checkPat env (PTuple ps)      = concatMap (checkPat env) ps
 checkPat env (PFrame mp inner)= maybe [] (checkPath env) mp ++ checkPat env inner
 checkPat _   (PBytes _)       = []
+checkPat env (POr p1 p2)      =
+  let v1 = boundVars p1
+      v2 = boundVars p2
+      errs = if Set.fromList v1 == Set.fromList v2 then [] else [OrPatternMismatch v1 v2]
+  in errs ++ checkPat env p1 ++ checkPat env p2
+
+boundVars :: Pat -> [String]
+boundVars (PVar n)       = [n]
+boundVars (PCtor _ ps)   = concatMap boundVars ps
+boundVars (PRecord _ fs) = concatMap boundFP fs
+boundVars (PTuple ps)    = concatMap boundVars ps
+boundVars (PFrame _ p)   = boundVars p
+boundVars (POr p1 p2)    = boundVars p1
+boundVars _              = []
+
+boundFP :: FieldPat -> [String]
+boundFP (FPBind n) = [n]
+boundFP (FPAs _ v) = [v]
+boundFP _          = []
 
 checkFP :: Env -> FieldPat -> [CheckError]
 checkFP _ _ = []   -- field names checked by type-checker later
@@ -135,15 +168,36 @@ checkFlow env (FSeq a b _)   = checkFlow env a ++ checkFlow env b
 
 checkArm :: Env -> Arm -> [CheckError]
 checkArm env (Arm p mg e) =
+  let env' = addPat env p in
   checkPat env p ++
-  maybe [] (checkExpr env) mg ++
+  maybe [] (checkExpr env') mg ++
-  checkExpr env e
+  checkExpr env' e
+
+addPat :: Env -> Pat -> Env
+addPat env (PVar n)       = Map.insert n KLet env
+addPat env (PCtor _ ps)   = foldl' addPat env ps
+addPat env (PTuple ps)    = foldl' addPat env ps
+addPat env (PRecord _ fs) = foldl' addFP env fs
+addPat env (PFrame mp inner) =
+  let env' = case mp of
+        Just (PathPat ms md) ->
+          let env1 = case ms of Just (EPName n) -> Map.insert n KLet env; _ -> env
+          in case md of Just (EPName n) -> Map.insert n KLet env1; _ -> env1
+        Nothing -> env
+  in addPat env' inner
+addPat env (POr p1 _)     = addPat env p1
+addPat env _              = env
+
+addFP :: Env -> FieldPat -> Env
+addFP env (FPBind n) = Map.insert n KLet env
+addFP env (FPAs _ v) = Map.insert v KLet env
+addFP env _          = env
 
 checkExpr :: Env -> Expr -> [CheckError]
 checkExpr env (EVar n)         = checkName env "name" n
 checkExpr _   (EQual _)        = []   -- qualified names: deferred
 checkExpr _   (ELit _)         = []
-checkExpr env (ELam _ e)       = checkExpr env e
+checkExpr env (ELam n e)       = checkExpr (Map.insert n KLet env) e
 checkExpr env (EApp f x)       = checkExpr env f ++ checkExpr env x
 checkExpr env (ECase e ab)     = checkExpr env e ++ concatMap (checkArm env) ab
 checkExpr env (EIf c t f)      = concatMap (checkExpr env) [c,t,f]
@@ -190,6 +244,7 @@ checkPatternCycles decls =
     refsInPat (PCtor _ ps)   = concatMap refsInPat ps
     refsInPat (PTuple ps)    = concatMap refsInPat ps
     refsInPat (PFrame _ p)   = refsInPat p
+    refsInPat (POr p1 p2)    = refsInPat p1 ++ refsInPat p2
     refsInPat _              = []
 
 findCycles :: Map.Map String [String] -> [[String]]

src/FWL/Compile.hs

@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
+{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
 {- | Compile a checked FWL program to nftables JSON using Aeson.
      All policies (Filter and NAT) go into one table named by Config.
      Layer stripping: Frame patterns that omit Ether compile identically
-     to those that include it — the compiler inserts protocol matches
+     to those that include it.
-     from whatever constructor the user wrote.
+
+     Phase 1: DRule declarations compile to regular (no-hook) chains.
+     Phase 2: compileAction returns Maybe [Value] to support multi-step arms.
+     Phase 3: Log.emit  -> {"log": ...}  effect statement.
+     Phase 4: DFlow declarations -> ct mark state machines (_track chains).
 -}
 module FWL.Compile
   ( compileProgram
@@ -11,38 +16,384 @@ module FWL.Compile
 
 import Data.List (intercalate)
 import Data.Maybe (mapMaybe)
+import Data.Word (Word32)
+import Numeric (showHex)
 import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map
-import qualified Data.Aeson as A
 import Data.Aeson ((.=), Value(..), object, toJSON)
-import qualified Data.Aeson.Key as K
+import qualified Data.Aeson as A
+import qualified Data.Text as T
 import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as BL
-import qualified Data.Aeson.Encode.Pretty as Pretty
+import Data.Aeson.Encode.Pretty (encodePretty)
 
 import FWL.AST
 
 -- ─── Entry points ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
--- | Compile an FWL program and render to pretty-printed JSON bytes.
 compileToJson :: Program -> BL.ByteString
-compileToJson = Pretty.encodePretty . programToValue
+compileToJson = encodePretty . programToValue
 
--- | Compile an FWL program to an Aeson Value (the nftables JSON schema).
+-- exposed for tests
-programToValue :: Program -> Value
+compileProgram :: Program -> Value
-programToValue prog@(Program cfg decls) =
+compileProgram = programToValue
-  object [ "nftables" .= toJSON (metainfo : tableObj : chainObjs ++ mapObjs ++ ruleObjs) ]
+
+-- ─── Compile environment ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+-- | Per-compile environment threaded through all helpers.
+data Env = Env
+  { envDecls   :: Map.Map String Decl
+    -- ^ all top-level declarations, keyed by name
+  , envCtMarks :: Map.Map String (Word32, Word32)
+    -- ^ flow-name -> (inProgress mark, confirmed mark)
+    --   populated in Phase 4; empty for Phases 1-3
+  }
+
+buildEnv :: [Decl] -> Env
+buildEnv decls = Env
+  { envDecls   = Map.fromList [ (declNameOf d, d) | d <- decls ]
+  , envCtMarks = Map.empty
+  }
   where
-    env       = buildEnv decls
+    declNameOf (DInterface n _ _)      = n
+    declNameOf (DZone n _)             = n
+    declNameOf (DPattern n _ _)        = n
+    declNameOf (DFlow n _)             = n
+    declNameOf (DRule n _ _)           = n
+    declNameOf (DPolicy n _ _ _)       = n
+    declNameOf (DLet n _ _)            = n
+    declNameOf (DImport n _ _)         = n
+    declNameOf (DPortForward n _ _ _)  = n
+    declNameOf (DMasquerade n _ _)     = n
+
+-- ─── Top-level program ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+programToValue :: Program -> Value
+programToValue (Program cfg decls) =
+  object [ "nftables" .= toJSON
+    (metainfo : tableObj : allObjects) ]
+  where
+    -- Phase 4: allocate ct marks for all DFlow declarations
+    ctMarks  = allocateCtMarks cfg decls
+    env      = (buildEnv decls) { envCtMarks = ctMarks }
     tbl      = configTable cfg
 
-    metainfo  = object [ "metainfo" .= object [ "json_schema_version" .= (1 :: Int) ] ]
+    metainfo = object [ "metainfo" .= object
+                 [ "json_schema_version" .= (1 :: Int) ] ]
     tableObj = object [ "table" .= tableValue tbl ]
 
     policies     = [ (n, pm, ab) | DPolicy n _ pm ab <- decls ]
-    chainObjs = map (\(n, pm, _)  -> chainDeclValue tbl n pm) policies
+    portfwds     = [ d | d@(DPortForward {}) <- decls ]
-    ruleObjs  = concatMap (\(n, _, ab) -> concatMap (armToRuleValues env tbl n) ab) policies
+    masqs        = [ d | d@(DMasquerade  {}) <- decls ]
+    rules        = [ (n, e) | DRule n _ e <- decls ]         -- Phase 1
+    flows        = [ (n, fe) | DFlow n fe <- decls ]         -- Phase 4
+    hasPortFwd   = not (null portfwds)
 
+    -- ── Chain declarations ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+    policyChainObjs = map (\(n, pm, _) -> chainDeclValue tbl n pm) policies
+    pfChainObjs     = concatMap (portfwdChainValue tbl) portfwds
+    masqChainObjs   = concatMap (masqChainValue tbl) masqs
+    -- Phase 1: one regular chain per DRule
+    ruleChainObjs   = map (\(n, _) -> regularChainValue tbl n) rules
+    -- Phase 4: one _track chain per DFlow + optional ct timeout objects
+    flowChainObjs   = concatMap (flowTrackChainValue tbl ctMarks) flows
+    flowTimeoutObjs = concatMap (flowTimeoutValue tbl) flows
+
+    -- ── Rules ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    policyRuleObjs  = concatMap
+      (\(n, pm, ab) ->
+         injectFilterRules env tbl n pm hasPortFwd ++
+         concatMap (armToRuleValues env tbl n) ab)
+      policies
+    -- Phase 1: compile the lambda body of each DRule into its chain
+    ruleRuleObjs    = concatMap (\(n, e) -> ruleBodyToValues env tbl n e) rules
+    pfRuleObjs    = concatMap (portfwdRuleValues env tbl) portfwds
+    masqRuleObjs  = concatMap (masqRuleValues env tbl) masqs
+    -- Phase 4: synthesise _track chain rules
+    flowTrackRules  = concatMap (flowTrackRuleValues tbl ctMarks) flows
+
+    -- Sets / maps from let-bindings
     letDecls   = [ (n, t, e) | DLet n t e <- decls ]
-    mapObjs   = mapMaybe (\(n, _, e) -> letToMapValue tbl n e) letDecls
+    mapObjs    = mapMaybe (\(n, t, e) -> letToSetOrMapValue tbl n t e) letDecls
+
+    -- Synthesised maps from portforward decls
+    pfMapObjs  = concatMap (portfwdMapValue tbl) portfwds
+
+    allObjects = policyChainObjs ++ pfChainObjs ++ masqChainObjs
+              ++ ruleChainObjs                                  -- Phase 1
+              ++ flowTimeoutObjs ++ flowChainObjs               -- Phase 4
+              ++ pfMapObjs ++ mapObjs
+              ++ policyRuleObjs ++ pfRuleObjs ++ masqRuleObjs
+              ++ ruleRuleObjs                                   -- Phase 1
+              ++ flowTrackRules                                 -- Phase 4
+
+-- ─── Phase 1: Regular chain declarations ─────────────────────────────────────
+
+-- | Emit a *regular* chain (no type/hook/prio/policy) for a DRule.
+regularChainValue :: String -> Name -> Value
+regularChainValue tbl n = object
+  [ "chain" .= object
+      [ "family" .= ("inet" :: String)
+      , "table"  .= tbl
+      , "name"   .= n
+      ]
+  ]
+
+-- | Compile the body of a DRule (a lambda / case expression) into rules
+-- belonging to the rule's own chain.
+ruleBodyToValues :: Env -> String -> Name -> Expr -> [Value]
+ruleBodyToValues env tbl chain expr =
+  case expr of
+    ELam _ body -> ruleBodyToValues env tbl chain body
+    ECase _ ab  -> concatMap (armToRuleValues env tbl chain) ab
+    _           -> []   -- bare expressions are not yet compilable here
+
+-- ─── Phase 4: ct mark allocation ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+-- | Allocate (inProgress, confirmed) ct mark pairs for every DFlow decl.
+-- Marks are in the range  [prefix+1, prefix+2n]  where  prefix = 0xfee10000
+-- (or the value from  config { ct_mark_prefix = 0x????; }).
+allocateCtMarks :: Config -> [Decl] -> Map.Map String (Word32, Word32)
+allocateCtMarks cfg decls =
+  Map.fromList (zipWith mk flowNames [0..])
+  where
+    flowNames = [ n | DFlow n _ <- decls ]
+    base :: Word32
+    base = fromIntegral (configCtMarkPrefix cfg) `shiftL32` 16
+    mk n (i :: Word32) = (n, (base + 2*i + 1, base + 2*i + 2))
+
+-- Portable left-shift for Word32 (avoids importing Data.Bits at top level)
+shiftL32 :: Word32 -> Int -> Word32
+shiftL32 w n = w * (2 ^ n)
+
+-- ─── Phase 4: _track chain + rules ───────────────────────────────────────────
+
+-- | Emit the regular _track chain declaration for a DFlow.
+flowTrackChainValue :: String -> Map.Map String (Word32, Word32)
+                    -> (Name, FlowExpr) -> [Value]
+flowTrackChainValue tbl _ctMarks (n, _) =
+  [ regularChainValue tbl (n ++ "_track") ]
+
+-- | Emit the ct timeout object for a DFlow that has a `within` clause.
+flowTimeoutValue :: String -> (Name, FlowExpr) -> [Value]
+flowTimeoutValue tbl (n, fe) =
+  case withinDuration fe of
+    Nothing -> []
+    Just (secs, _) ->
+      [ object
+          [ "ct timeout" .= object
+              [ "family"   .= ("inet" :: String)
+              , "table"    .= tbl
+              , "name"     .= (n ++ "_timeout")
+              , "protocol" .= ("udp" :: String)
+              , "state"    .= object
+                  [ "untracked" .= (show secs ++ "s" :: String) ]
+              ]
+          ]
+      ]
+  where
+    withinDuration (FSeq _ _ (Just d)) = Just d
+    withinDuration (FSeq a b Nothing)  =
+      case withinDuration a of
+        Just d  -> Just d
+        Nothing -> withinDuration b
+    withinDuration _                   = Nothing
+
+-- | Synthesise the two tracking rules inside the _track chain.
+-- Rule 1: ct mark 0 + init-pattern-match  -> set mark to inProgress, return
+-- Rule 2: ct mark inProgress + resp-match -> set mark to confirmed,  return
+flowTrackRuleValues :: String -> Map.Map String (Word32, Word32)
+                    -> (Name, FlowExpr) -> [Value]
+flowTrackRuleValues tbl ctMarks (n, fe) =
+  case Map.lookup n ctMarks of
+    Nothing -> []
+    Just (inProg, confirmed) ->
+      let chain = n ++ "_track"
+          (initAtom, respAtom) = flowAtoms fe
+          rule1 = ruleValue tbl chain $
+            [ ctMarkMatch "==" 0 ] ++
+            atomMatchExprs initAtom ++
+            [ ctMangleExpr inProg
+            , object ["return" .= Null]
+            ]
+          rule2 = ruleValue tbl chain $
+            [ ctMarkMatch "==" inProg ] ++
+            atomMatchExprs respAtom ++
+            [ ctMangleExpr confirmed
+            , object ["return" .= Null]
+            ]
+      in [rule1, rule2]
+
+-- | Extract (init, response) atoms from a FlowExpr.
+flowAtoms :: FlowExpr -> (Name, Name)
+flowAtoms (FAtom n)           = (n, n)
+flowAtoms (FSeq (FAtom a) b _)= let (_, r) = flowAtoms b in (a, r)
+flowAtoms (FSeq a _ _)        = let (i, _) = flowAtoms a in (i, i)
+
+-- | Pattern-match expressions for a known flow atom.
+-- WGInitiation -> meta l4proto udp + @th,0,8 == 0x01
+-- WGResponse   -> meta l4proto udp + @th,0,8 == 0x02
+atomMatchExprs :: Name -> [Value]
+atomMatchExprs "WGInitiation" =
+  [ matchMeta "l4proto" "udp"
+  , rawBitsMatch 0 8 1
+  ]
+atomMatchExprs "WGResponse" =
+  [ matchMeta "l4proto" "udp"
+  , rawBitsMatch 0 8 2
+  ]
+atomMatchExprs _ = []   -- unknown atom: no-op (comment only in real impl)
+
+-- | Match on @th,<offset>,<len> (raw transport-header bits).
+rawBitsMatch :: Int -> Int -> Int -> Value
+rawBitsMatch offset len val = matchExpr "=="
+  (object ["payload" .= object
+    [ "base"   .= ("transport" :: String)
+    , "offset" .= offset
+    , "len"    .= len
+    ]])
+  (toJSON val)
+
+-- | Match ct mark with operator and numeric value.
+ctMarkMatch :: String -> Word32 -> Value
+ctMarkMatch op val = matchExpr op
+  (object ["ct" .= object ["key" .= ("mark" :: String)]])
+  (toJSON val)
+
+-- | Mangle (set) ct mark to a value.
+ctMangleExpr :: Word32 -> Value
+ctMangleExpr val = object
+  [ "mangle" .= object
+      [ "key"   .= object ["ct" .= object ["key" .= ("mark" :: String)]]
+      , "value" .= toJSON val
+      ]
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Implicit filter-hook rule injection ─────────────────────────────────────
+
+-- | Prepend implicit rules for filter-hook chains (Input/Forward/Output).
+injectFilterRules :: Env -> String -> Name -> PolicyMeta -> Bool -> [Value]
+injectFilterRules env tbl chain pm hasPortFwd =
+  case pmHook pm of
+    HInput   -> [statefulRule, loopbackRule, ndpRule]
+    HForward -> statefulRule : if hasPortFwd then [ctDnatRule] else []
+    HOutput  -> [statefulRule]
+    _        -> []
+  where
+    statefulRule = ruleValue tbl chain
+      [ matchExpr "==" (object ["ct" .= object ["key" .= ("state" :: String)]])
+                       (setVal [A.String "established", A.String "related"])
+      , object ["accept" .= Null]
+      ]
+    loopbackRule = ruleValue tbl chain
+      [ matchMeta "iifname" "lo"
+      , object ["accept" .= Null]
+      ]
+    ndpRule = ruleValue tbl chain
+      [ matchPayload "ip6" "nexthdr" "ipv6-icmp"
+      , matchExpr "==" (payloadVal "ip6" "saddr")
+          (object ["prefix" .= object ["addr" .= A.String "fe80::", "len" .= (10 :: Int)]])
+      , object ["accept" .= Null]
+      ]
+    ctDnatRule = ruleValue tbl chain
+      [ matchExpr "in" (object ["ct" .= object ["key" .= ("status" :: String)]])
+                       (A.String "dnat")
+      , object ["accept" .= Null]
+      ]
+    _ = env   -- silence unused warning
+
+ruleValue :: String -> String -> [Value] -> Value
+ruleValue tbl chain exprs = object
+  [ "rule" .= object
+      [ "family" .= ("inet" :: String)
+      , "table"  .= tbl
+      , "chain"  .= chain
+      , "expr"   .= toJSON exprs
+      ]
+  ]
+
+-- ─── DPortForward compilation ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+portfwdMapValue :: String -> Decl -> [Value]
+portfwdMapValue tbl (DPortForward n _ t entries) =
+  case t of
+    TName "Map" [tk, tv] ->
+      [ object [ "map" .= object
+          [ "family" .= ("inet" :: String)
+          , "table"  .= tbl
+          , "name"   .= n
+          , "type"   .= renderNftType (fwlTypeToNft tk)
+          , "map"    .= renderNftType (fwlTypeToNft tv)
+          , "elem"   .= toJSON (map renderMapElem entries)
+          ] ]
+      ]
+    _ -> []
+portfwdMapValue _ _ = []
+
+portfwdChainValue :: String -> Decl -> [Value]
+portfwdChainValue tbl (DPortForward n _ _ _) =
+  [ object [ "chain" .= object
+      [ "family" .= ("inet" :: String)
+      , "table"  .= tbl
+      , "name"   .= (n ++ "_prerouting")
+      , "type"   .= ("nat" :: String)
+      , "hook"   .= ("prerouting" :: String)
+      , "prio"   .= priorityInt pDstNat
+      , "policy" .= ("accept" :: String)
+      ] ]
+  ]
+portfwdChainValue _ _ = []
+
+portfwdRuleValues :: Env -> String -> Decl -> [Value]
+portfwdRuleValues _ tbl (DPortForward n _ _ _) =
+  let chainName = n ++ "_prerouting"
+  in  [ ruleValue tbl chainName
+          [ matchMeta "nfproto" "ipv4"
+          , matchInSet (metaVal "l4proto") [A.String "tcp", A.String "udp"]
+          , matchExpr "==" (object ["fib" .= object ["result" .= ("type" :: String), "flags" .= toJSON (["daddr"] :: [String])]])
+                           (A.String "local")
+          , object ["dnat" .= object
+              [ "family" .= ("ip" :: String)
+              , "addr"   .= object
+                  [ "map" .= object
+                      [ "key"  .= object ["concat" .= toJSON
+                          [ metaVal "l4proto"
+                          , payloadVal "th" "dport"
+                          ]]
+                      , "data" .= A.String (toText ("@" ++ n))
+                      ]
+                  ]
+              ]]
+          ]
+      ]
+portfwdRuleValues _ _ _ = []
+
+-- ─── DMasquerade compilation ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+masqChainValue :: String -> Decl -> [Value]
+masqChainValue tbl (DMasquerade n _ _) =
+  [ object [ "chain" .= object
+      [ "family" .= ("inet" :: String)
+      , "table"  .= tbl
+      , "name"   .= (n ++ "_postrouting")
+      , "type"   .= ("nat" :: String)
+      , "hook"   .= ("postrouting" :: String)
+      , "prio"   .= priorityInt pSrcNat
+      , "policy" .= ("accept" :: String)
+      ] ]
+  ]
+masqChainValue _ _ = []
+
+masqRuleValues :: Env -> String -> Decl -> [Value]
+masqRuleValues _ tbl (DMasquerade n iface srcSet) =
+  let chainName = n ++ "_postrouting"
+  in  [ ruleValue tbl chainName
+          [ matchMeta "oifname" iface
+          , matchExpr "==" (payloadVal "ip" "saddr")
+                           (A.String (toText ("@" ++ srcSet)))
+          , object ["masquerade" .= Null]
+          ]
+      ]
+masqRuleValues _ _ _ = []
+
 
 -- ─── Table / Chain declarations ──────────────────────────────────────────────
 
@@ -60,7 +411,7 @@ chainDeclValue tbl n pm = object
       , "name"     .= n
       , "type"     .= chainTypeStr (pmTable pm)
       , "hook"     .= hookStr (pmHook pm)
-      , "prio"     .= priorityStr (pmPriority pm)
+      , "prio"     .= priorityInt (pmPriority pm)
       , "policy"   .= defaultPolicyStr (pmHook pm)
       ]
   ]
@@ -76,14 +427,10 @@ hookStr HOutput      = "output"
 hookStr HPrerouting  = "prerouting"
 hookStr HPostrouting = "postrouting"
 
-priorityStr :: Priority -> String
+-- Priority is emitted as an integer in nftables JSON.
-priorityStr PFilter  = "filter"
+priorityInt :: Priority -> Int
-priorityStr PDstNat  = "dstnat"
+priorityInt = priorityValue
-priorityStr PSrcNat  = "srcnat"
-priorityStr PMangle  = "mangle"
-priorityStr (PInt n) = show n
 
--- Input and Forward hooks default to drop; everything else to accept.
 defaultPolicyStr :: Hook -> String
 defaultPolicyStr HInput   = "drop"
 defaultPolicyStr HForward = "drop"
@@ -91,226 +438,359 @@ defaultPolicyStr _        = "accept"
 
 -- ─── Arm → Rule objects ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
--- Each policy arm becomes zero or more nftables rule objects.
+armToRuleValues :: Env -> String -> Name -> Arm -> [Value]
--- An arm whose action is Continue compiles to zero rules.
-armToRuleValues :: CompileEnv -> String -> Name -> Arm -> [Value]
 armToRuleValues env tbl chain (Arm p mg body) =
+  -- Phase 2: compileAction returns Maybe [Value]
   case compileAction env body of
-    Nothing      -> []   -- Continue: emit nothing
+    Nothing       -> []
-    Just verdict ->
+    Just verdicts ->
-      let patExprs   = compilePat env p
+      let patExprsAlts = compilePat env p
           guardExprs   = maybe [] (compileGuard env) mg
-          allExprs   = patExprs ++ guardExprs ++ [verdict]
       in  [ object
               [ "rule" .= object
                   [ "family" .= ("inet" :: String)
                   , "table"  .= tbl
                   , "chain"  .= chain
-                  , "expr"   .= toJSON allExprs
+                  , "expr"   .= toJSON (patExprs ++ guardExprs ++ verdicts)
-                  ]
                   ]
               ]
+          | patExprs <- patExprsAlts ]
 
 -- ─── Pattern → [Value] ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-type CompileEnv = Map.Map String Decl
+type CompileEnv = Map.Map String Decl   -- kept for internal helpers that only
+                                        -- need the decl map
 
-buildEnv :: [Decl] -> CompileEnv
+-- Convenience accessor
-buildEnv = foldr (\d m -> Map.insert (declNameOf d) d m) Map.empty
+declEnv :: Env -> CompileEnv
-  where
+declEnv = envDecls
-    declNameOf (DInterface n _ _) = n
-    declNameOf (DZone n _)        = n
-    declNameOf (DPattern n _ _)   = n
-    declNameOf (DFlow n _)        = n
-    declNameOf (DRule n _ _)      = n
-    declNameOf (DPolicy n _ _ _)  = n
-    declNameOf (DLet n _ _)       = n
-    declNameOf (DImport n _ _)    = n
 
-compilePat :: CompileEnv -> Pat -> [Value]
+compilePat :: Env -> Pat -> [[Value]]
-compilePat _   PWild             = []
+compilePat _   PWild             = [[]]
-compilePat _   (PVar _)          = []
+compilePat _   (PVar _)          = [[]]
 compilePat env (PNamed n)        = expandNamedPat env n
-compilePat env (PFrame mp inner) =
+compilePat env (PFrame mp inner) = do
-  maybe [] (compilePathPat env) mp ++ compilePat env inner
+  pathConds  <- maybe [[]] (compilePathPat env) mp
+  innerConds <- compilePat env inner
+  return (pathConds ++ innerConds)
 compilePat env (PCtor n ps)      = compileCtorPat env n ps
 compilePat _   (PRecord n fs)    = compileRecordPat n fs
-compilePat env (PTuple ps)       = concatMap (compilePat env) ps
+compilePat env (PTuple ps)       = map concat (sequence (map (compilePat env) ps))
-compilePat _   (PBytes _)        = []   -- handled by flow/ct mark (future)
+compilePat _   (PBytes _)        = [[]]
+compilePat env (POr p1 p2)       = compilePat env p1 ++ compilePat env p2
 
--- Named patterns are inlined at compile time.
+expandNamedPat :: Env -> Name -> [[Value]]
-expandNamedPat :: CompileEnv -> Name -> [Value]
 expandNamedPat env n =
-  case Map.lookup n env of
+  case Map.lookup n (declEnv env) of
     Just (DPattern _ _ p) -> compilePat env p
     _                     -> []
 
--- Layer stripping: Ether is transparent; IPv4/IPv6/TCP/UDP/ICMPv6 each emit
+compileCtorPat :: Env -> String -> [Pat] -> [[Value]]
--- the appropriate protocol-selector match then recurse into their children.
--- Omitting Ether produces identical output.
-compileCtorPat :: CompileEnv -> String -> [Pat] -> [Value]
 compileCtorPat env ctor ps = case ctor of
-  "Ether"  -> children                           -- transparent layer
+  "Ether"  -> children
-  "IPv4"   -> matchMeta "nfproto" "ipv4"   : children
+  "IPv4"   -> map (matchMeta "nfproto" "ipv4" :) children
-  "IPv6"   -> matchMeta "nfproto" "ipv6"   : children
+  "IPv6"   -> map (matchMeta "nfproto" "ipv6" :) children
-  "TCP"    -> matchPayload "th" "protocol" "tcp"   : children
+  "TCP"    -> map (matchMeta "l4proto" "tcp" :) children
-  "UDP"    -> matchPayload "th" "protocol" "udp"   : children
+  "UDP"    -> map (matchMeta "l4proto" "udp" :) children
-  "ICMPv6" -> matchPayload "ip6" "nexthdr" "ipv6-icmp" : children
+  "ICMPv6" -> map (matchPayload "ip6" "nexthdr"  "ipv6-icmp" :) children
-  "ICMP"   -> matchPayload "ip"  "protocol" "icmp" : children
+  "ICMP"   -> map (matchPayload "ip"  "protocol" "icmp" :) children
   _        -> children
   where
-    children = concatMap (compilePat env) ps
+    children = map concat (sequence (map (compilePat env) ps))
 
--- Record patterns emit field equality matches, e.g. tcp { dport = :22 }.
+compileRecordPat :: String -> [FieldPat] -> [[Value]]
-compileRecordPat :: String -> [FieldPat] -> [Value]
+compileRecordPat proto fs = [mapMaybe go fs]
-compileRecordPat proto = mapMaybe go
   where
     go (FPEq field lit) = Just (matchPayload proto field (renderLit lit))
     go _                = Nothing
 
--- Path patterns (iif/oif).
+compilePathPat :: Env -> PathPat -> [[Value]]
-compilePathPat :: CompileEnv -> PathPat -> [Value]
+compilePathPat env (PathPat ms md) =
-compilePathPat _ (PathPat ms md) =
+  [ maybe [] (compileEndpoint env "iifname") ms ++
-  maybe [] (compileEndpoint "iifname") ms ++
+    maybe [] (compileEndpoint env "oifname") md ]
-  maybe [] (compileEndpoint "oifname") md
 
-compileEndpoint :: String -> EndpointPat -> [Value]
+compileEndpoint :: Env -> String -> EndpointPat -> [Value]
-compileEndpoint _   EPWild          = []
+compileEndpoint _   _   EPWild          = []
-compileEndpoint dir (EPName n)      = [matchMeta dir n]
+compileEndpoint _   dir (EPName n)      = [matchMeta dir n]
-compileEndpoint dir (EPMember _ z)  = [matchInSet (metaVal dir) [z]]
+compileEndpoint env dir (EPMember _ z)  =
-  -- zone membership: for MVP we emit the zone name as a set element.
+  case Map.lookup z (declEnv env) of
-  -- A later pass would expand zones to their member interface names.
+    Just (DZone _ ns) -> [matchInSet (metaVal dir) (map (A.String . toText) ns)]
+    _                 -> [matchInSet (metaVal dir) [A.String (toText z)]]
 
 -- ─── Guard → [Value] ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-compileGuard :: CompileEnv -> Expr -> [Value]
+compileGuard :: Env -> Expr -> [Value]
 compileGuard env (EInfix OpAnd l r)  = compileGuard env l ++ compileGuard env r
-compileGuard _   (EInfix OpIn  l r)   = [compileInExpr l r]
+compileGuard env (EInfix OpIn  l r)  = [compileInExpr env l r]
-compileGuard _   (EInfix OpEq  l r)   = [matchExpr "==" (exprVal l) (exprVal r)]
+compileGuard env (EInfix OpEq  l r)  = [matchExpr "==" (exprVal env l) (exprVal env r)]
-compileGuard _   (EInfix OpNeq l r)   = [matchExpr "!=" (exprVal l) (exprVal r)]
+compileGuard env (EInfix OpNeq l r)  = [matchExpr "!=" (exprVal env l) (exprVal env r)]
 compileGuard _   _                   = []
 
-compileInExpr :: Expr -> Expr -> Value
+compileInExpr :: Env -> Expr -> Expr -> Value
--- ct.state in { Established, Related }
+compileInExpr env (EQual ["ct", "state"])  (ESet vs) =
-compileInExpr (EQual ["ct","state"])  (ESet vs) = ctMatch "state"  vs
+  matchExpr "in" (object ["ct" .= object ["key" .= ("state" :: String)]]) (toJSON (map (exprVal env) vs))
-compileInExpr (EQual ["ct","status"]) (ESet vs) = ctMatch "status" vs
+compileInExpr env (EQual ["ct", "status"]) (ESet vs) =
--- generic set membership
+  matchExpr "in" (object ["ct" .= object ["key" .= ("status" :: String)]]) (toJSON (map (exprVal env) vs))
-compileInExpr l (ESet vs) = matchExpr "in" (exprVal l) (setVal (map exprToStr vs))
+compileInExpr env l                        (ESet vs) =
-compileInExpr l r         = matchExpr "==" (exprVal l) (exprVal r)
+  matchExpr "==" (exprVal env l) (setVal (map (exprVal env) vs))
+compileInExpr env l                        (EVar z)
+  | Just (DZone _ ns) <- Map.lookup z (declEnv env) =
+      matchExpr "==" (exprVal env l) (setVal (map (A.String . toText) ns))
+compileInExpr env l                        r         =
+  matchExpr "==" (exprVal env l) (exprVal env r)
 
-ctMatch :: String -> [Expr] -> Value
+-- ─── Action → Maybe [Value]  (Phase 2) ───────────────────────────────────────
-ctMatch key vs = matchExpr "in"
+--
-  (object ["ct" .= object ["key" .= key]])
+-- Returns Nothing   for Continue (arm is silently dropped).
-  (setVal (map exprToStr vs))
+-- Returns Just [..] for everything else.
+-- Single-verdict arms return a one-element list.
+-- Multi-step do-block arms return a multi-element list.
 
--- ─── Action → Maybe Value (Nothing = Continue = no rule) ─────────────────────
+compileAction :: Env -> Expr -> Maybe [Value]
-
+-- Simple verdicts
-compileAction :: CompileEnv -> Expr -> Maybe Value
+compileAction _   (EVar "Allow")      = Just [object ["accept"     .= Null]]
-compileAction _   (EVar "Allow")      = Just (object ["accept"     .= Null])
+compileAction _   (EVar "Drop")       = Just [object ["drop"       .= Null]]
-compileAction _   (EVar "Drop")       = Just (object ["drop"       .= Null])
 compileAction _   (EVar "Continue")   = Nothing
-compileAction _   (EVar "Masquerade") = Just (object ["masquerade" .= Null])
+compileAction _   (EVar "Masquerade") = Just [object ["masquerade" .= Null]]
 compileAction _   (EApp (EVar "DNAT") arg) =
-  Just $ object ["dnat" .= object ["addr" .= exprToStr arg]]
+  Just [object ["dnat" .= object ["addr" .= exprToStr arg]]]
-compileAction _   (EApp (EVar "DNATMap") arg) =
+compileAction env (EApp (EVar "DNATMap") (ETuple [key, arg])) =
-  Just $ object ["dnat" .= object ["addr" .= object
+  Just [object ["dnat" .= object ["addr" .= object
-    ["map" .= object ["key" .= object ["concat" .= Array mempty]
+    [ "map"  .= object [ "key"  .= exprVal env key
-                     ,"data" .= exprToStr arg]]]]
+                       , "data" .= A.String ("@" <> toText (exprToStr arg)) ]]]]]
--- Rule invocation → jump
+-- Phase 1: rule call -> jump
 compileAction env (EApp (EVar rn) _) =
-  case Map.lookup rn env of
+  case Map.lookup rn (declEnv env) of
-    Just (DRule _ _ _) -> Just $ object ["jump" .= object ["target" .= rn]]
+    Just (DRule _ _ _) -> Just [object ["jump" .= object ["target" .= rn]]]
-    _                  -> Just (object ["accept" .= Null])
+    _                  -> Just [object ["accept" .= Null]]
-compileAction _ _ = Just (object ["accept" .= Null])
+-- Phase 3: Log.emit effect
+compileAction env (EPerform ["Log", "emit"] [levelExpr, msgExpr]) =
+  let lvl = case levelExpr of
+              EVar "Warn"  -> "warn"
+              EVar "Info"  -> "info"
+              EVar "Debug" -> "debug"
+              _            -> "warn"
+      msg = case msgExpr of
+              ELit (LString s) -> s
+              _                -> exprToStr msgExpr
+      logStmt = object ["log" .= object
+        [ "prefix" .= A.String (toText msg)
+        , "level"  .= A.String (toText lvl)
+        ]]
+  in Just [logStmt]    -- single statement; do-block handles sequencing
+compileAction _   (EPerform ["Log", "emit"] _) =
+  Just [object ["log" .= object ["prefix" .= A.String ""]]]
+-- Phase 4: FlowMatch.check effect
+compileAction env (EPerform ["FlowMatch", "check"] (EVar flowName : _)) =
+  case Map.lookup flowName (envCtMarks env) of
+    Just (_inProg, confirmed) ->
+      Just
+        [ object ["jump" .= object ["target" .= (flowName ++ "_track")]]
+        , matchExpr "=="
+            (object ["ct" .= object ["key" .= ("mark" :: String)]])
+            (toJSON confirmed)
+        ]
+    Nothing ->
+      -- flow not found; emit jump only
+      Just [object ["jump" .= object ["target" .= (flowName ++ "_track")]]]
+compileAction _   (EPerform ["FlowMatch", "check"] _) =
+  Just [object ["accept" .= Null]]
+-- do-block: sequence statements, collecting all effects + final verdict
+compileAction env (EDo stmts) = compileDo env stmts
+-- Fallback
+compileAction _ _ = Just [object ["accept" .= Null]]
 
--- ─── Let → Map object ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+-- | Compile a do-block: each DSExpr is compiled and its [Value] contributions
+-- are concatenated in order.  DSBind is ignored for now.
+compileDo :: Env -> [DoStmt] -> Maybe [Value]
+compileDo _   []     = Nothing
+compileDo env stmts =
+  let results = concatMap compileStmt stmts
+  in if null results then Nothing else Just results
+  where
+    compileStmt (DSBind _ e) = maybe [] id (compileAction env e)
+    compileStmt (DSExpr e)   = maybe [] id (compileAction env e)
 
-letToMapValue :: String -> Name -> Expr -> Maybe Value
+letToSetOrMapValue :: String -> Name -> Type -> Expr -> Maybe Value
-letToMapValue tbl n (EMap entries) = Just $ object
+letToSetOrMapValue tbl n (TName "Map" [tk, tv]) (EMap entries) = Just $ object
   [ "map" .= object
       [ "family" .= ("inet" :: String)
       , "table"  .= tbl
       , "name"   .= n
-      , "type"     .= ("inetproto . inetservice" :: String)
+      , "type"   .= renderNftType (fwlTypeToNft tk)
-      , "map"      .= ("ipv4_addr . inetservice" :: String)
+      , "map"    .= renderNftType (fwlTypeToNft tv)
       , "elem"   .= toJSON (map renderMapElem entries)
       ]
   ]
-letToMapValue _ _ _ = Nothing
+letToSetOrMapValue tbl n (TName "Set" [t]) (ESet entries) = Just $ object
+  [ "set" .= object
+      ( [ "family" .= ("inet" :: String)
+        , "table"  .= tbl
+        , "name"   .= n
+        , "type"   .= renderNftType (fwlTypeToNft t)
+        ]
+        ++ (if any isCidrElem entries then ["flags" .= toJSON (["interval"] :: [String])] else [])
+        ++ [ "elem"   .= toJSON (map renderSetElem entries) ]
+      )
+  ]
+letToSetOrMapValue _ _ _ _ = Nothing
+
+fwlTypeToNft :: Type -> [String]
+fwlTypeToNft (TName "Protocol" []) = ["inet_proto"]
+fwlTypeToNft (TName "Port" [])     = ["inet_service"]
+fwlTypeToNft (TName "IP" [])       = ["ipv4_addr"]
+fwlTypeToNft (TName "IPv4" [])     = ["ipv4_addr"]
+fwlTypeToNft (TName "IPv6" [])     = ["ipv6_addr"]
+fwlTypeToNft (TTuple ts)           = concatMap fwlTypeToNft ts
+fwlTypeToNft _                     = ["any"]
+
+renderNftType :: [String] -> Value
+renderNftType [t] = A.String (toText t)
+renderNftType ts  = toJSON ts
+
+exprToVal :: Expr -> Value
+exprToVal (ELit (LPort p))   = toJSON p
+exprToVal (ELit (LInt n))    = toJSON n
+exprToVal (ELit (LCIDR ip p))= object
+  [ "prefix" .= object
+      [ "addr" .= A.String (toText (renderLit ip))
+      , "len"  .= p
+      ]
+  ]
+exprToVal (ELit l)           = A.String (toText (renderLit l))
+exprToVal (EVar n)           = A.String (toText n)
+exprToVal (EQual ns)         = A.String (toText (intercalate "." ns))
+exprToVal _                  = A.String "_"
+
+exprToConcatList :: Expr -> [Value]
+exprToConcatList (ETuple es) = concatMap exprToConcatList es
+exprToConcatList e           = [exprToVal e]
+
+renderMapOrSetKey :: Expr -> Value
+renderMapOrSetKey (ETuple es) = object ["concat" .= toJSON (exprToConcatList (ETuple es))]
+renderMapOrSetKey e           = exprToVal e
 
 renderMapElem :: (Expr, Expr) -> Value
 renderMapElem (k, v) = toJSON
-  [ object ["concat" .= toJSON [exprToStr k]]
+  [ renderMapOrSetKey k
-  , exprToStr v
+  , renderMapOrSetKey v
   ]
 
+renderSetElem :: Expr -> Value
+renderSetElem = renderMapOrSetKey
+
+isCidrElem :: Expr -> Bool
+isCidrElem (ELit (LCIDR _ _)) = True
+isCidrElem _                  = False
+
 -- ─── Aeson building blocks ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
--- { "match": { "op": op, "left": left, "right": right } }
 matchExpr :: String -> Value -> Value -> Value
 matchExpr op l r = object
   [ "match" .= object
-      [ "op"    .= op
+      [ "op"    .= (op :: String)
       , "left"  .= l
       , "right" .= r
       ]
   ]
 
 matchMeta :: String -> String -> Value
-matchMeta key val = matchExpr "==" (metaVal key) (A.String (strText val))
+matchMeta key val = matchExpr "==" (metaVal key) (A.String (toText val))
 
 matchPayload :: String -> String -> String -> Value
 matchPayload proto field val =
-  matchExpr "==" (payloadVal proto field) (A.String (strText val))
+  matchExpr "==" (payloadVal proto field) (A.String (toText val))
 
-matchInSet :: Value -> [String] -> Value
+matchInSet :: Value -> [Value] -> Value
-matchInSet lhs vals =
+matchInSet lhs vals = matchExpr "in" lhs (setVal vals)
-  matchExpr "in" lhs (setVal vals)
 
 metaVal :: String -> Value
-metaVal key = object ["meta" .= object ["key" .= key]]
+metaVal key = object ["meta" .= object ["key" .= (key :: String)]]
 
 payloadVal :: String -> String -> Value
 payloadVal proto field =
-  object ["payload" .= object ["protocol" .= proto, "field" .= field]]
+  object ["payload" .= object
+    [ "protocol" .= (proto :: String)
+    , "field"    .= (field :: String)
+    ]]
 
-setVal :: [String] -> Value
+setVal :: [Value] -> Value
 setVal vs = object ["set" .= toJSON vs]
 
--- ─── Expression → Value helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+-- ─── Expression helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-exprVal :: Expr -> Value
+isSetOrMapRef :: Env -> Name -> Bool
-exprVal (EQual [p, f])          = payloadVal p f
+isSetOrMapRef env n = case Map.lookup n (declEnv env) of
-exprVal (EQual ["ct", k])       = object ["ct" .= object ["key" .= k]]
+  Just (DLet _ _ _)    -> True
-exprVal (EVar n)                = metaVal n
+  Just (DImport _ _ _) -> True
-exprVal (ELit l)                = A.String (strText (renderLit l))
+  _                    -> False
-exprVal (ESet vs)               = setVal (map exprToStr vs)
+
-exprVal e                       = A.String (strText (exprToStr e))
+mapField :: String -> String
+mapField "src" = "saddr"
+mapField "dst" = "daddr"
+mapField f     = f
+
+exprVal :: Env -> Expr -> Value
+exprVal _   (EQual ["ct", k])        = object ["ct" .= object ["key" .= (k :: String)]]
+exprVal _   (EQual ["meta", k])      = metaVal k
+exprVal _   (EQual ["th", k])        = payloadVal "th" k
+exprVal _   (EQual ["ip6", "protocol"]) = metaVal "l4proto"
+exprVal _   (EQual ["ip",  "protocol"]) = metaVal "l4proto"
+exprVal _   (EQual [p, f])           = payloadVal p (mapField f)
+exprVal _   (EQual ns)               = A.String (toText (intercalate "." ns))
+exprVal env (EVar n)
+  | Just (DInterface _ _ _) <- Map.lookup n (declEnv env) = A.String (toText n)
+  | isSetOrMapRef env n                         = A.String ("@" <> toText n)
+  | n == "iif"                                  = metaVal "iifname"
+  | n == "oif"                                  = metaVal "oifname"
+  | n == "DNAT"                                 = A.String "dnat"
+  | n == "Established"                          = A.String "established"
+  | n == "Related"                              = A.String "related"
+  | otherwise                                   = metaVal n
+exprVal _   (ELit (LCIDR ip p)) = object
+  [ "prefix" .= object
+      [ "addr" .= A.String (toText (renderLit ip))
+      , "len"  .= p
+      ]
+  ]
+exprVal _   (ELit l)           = A.String (toText (renderLit l))
+exprVal env (ESet vs)          = setVal (map (exprVal env) vs)
+exprVal env (ETuple es)        = object ["concat" .= toJSON (map (exprVal env) es)]
+exprVal _   e                  = A.String (toText (exprToStr e))
 
 exprToStr :: Expr -> String
-exprToStr (EVar n)    = n
+exprToStr (EVar n)    = case n of
+  "Established" -> "established"
+  "Related"     -> "related"
+  "DNAT"        -> "dnat"
+  _             -> n
 exprToStr (ELit l)    = renderLit l
 exprToStr (EQual ns)  = intercalate "." ns
 exprToStr (ETuple es) = intercalate " . " (map exprToStr es)
 exprToStr _           = "_"
 
-strText :: String -> A.Text
+toText :: String -> T.Text
-strText = \s -> read (show s)   -- simple String→Text without extra dep
+toText = T.pack
 
 renderLit :: Literal -> String
 renderLit (LInt n)              = show n
 renderLit (LString s)           = s
 renderLit (LBool True)          = "true"
 renderLit (LBool False)         = "false"
-renderLit (LIPv4 (a,b,c,d))    =
+renderLit (LIP IPv4 n)          = renderIPv4 n
-  show a++"."++show b++"."++show c++"."++show d
+renderLit (LIP IPv6 n)          = renderIPv6 n
-renderLit (LIPv6 _)             = "::1"
 renderLit (LCIDR ip p)          = renderLit ip ++ "/" ++ show p
 renderLit (LPort p)             = show p
-renderLit (LDuration n Seconds) = show n
+renderLit (LDuration n Seconds) = show n ++ "s"
-renderLit (LDuration n _)       = show n
+renderLit (LDuration n Millis)  = show n ++ "ms"
+renderLit (LDuration n Minutes) = show n ++ "m"
+renderLit (LDuration n Hours)   = show n ++ "h"
 renderLit (LHex b)              = show b
 
--- Data.Aeson.Key helper (aeson >= 2.0 uses Key, not Text, for object keys)
+-- ─── Hex rendering helper (for ct mark values in comments) ───────────────────
-(.=) :: A.ToJSON v => String -> v -> A.Pair
+
-k .= v = (K.fromString k, toJSON v)
+hex32 :: Word32 -> String
+hex32 w = "0x" ++ showHex w ""
+
+-- silence unused warning for hex32 (used in potential debug output)
+_ = hex32

src/FWL/Lexer.hs

@@ -15,19 +15,21 @@ fwlDef = emptyDef
   , Tok.identStart      = letter <|> char '_'
   , Tok.identLetter     = alphaNum <|> char '_'
   , Tok.reservedNames   =
-      [ "config", "table"
+      -- Only genuine syntactic keywords belong here.
+      -- Semantic values used as constructors, actions, type names, or
+      -- pattern references (Allow, Drop, Log, Matched, Frame, etc.) must
+      -- NOT be reserved so that `identifier` can consume them in those
+      -- positions.
+      [ "config"
       , "interface", "zone", "import", "from"
       , "let", "in", "pattern", "flow", "rule", "policy", "on"
+      , "portforward", "masquerade", "via", "src"
       , "case", "of", "if", "then", "else", "do", "perform"
       , "within", "as", "dynamic", "cidr4", "cidr6"
       , "hook", "priority"
       , "WAN", "LAN", "WireGuard"
       , "Input", "Forward", "Output", "Prerouting", "Postrouting"
-      , "Filter", "NAT", "Mangle", "DstNat", "SrcNat"
+      , "Filter", "NAT", "Mangle", "DstNat", "SrcNat", "Raw", "ConnTrack"
-      , "Allow", "Drop", "Continue", "Masquerade", "DNAT", "DNATMap"
-      , "Log", "Info", "Warn", "Error"
-      , "Matched", "Unmatched"
-      , "Frame", "FlowPattern"
       , "true", "false"
       ]
   , Tok.reservedOpNames =

src/FWL/Parser.hs

@@ -3,15 +3,19 @@ module FWL.Parser
   , parseFile
   ) where
 
-import Control.Monad (void)
+import Control.Monad (void, when)
+import Data.Bits ((.&.), (.|.), shiftL)
+import Data.List (foldl')
 import Data.Word (Word8)
 import Numeric (readHex)
 import Text.Parsec
 import Text.Parsec.String (Parser)
+import Data.Functor.Identity (Identity)
 import qualified Text.Parsec.Expr as Ex
 
 import FWL.AST
 import FWL.Lexer
+import Data.Char (isUpper)
 
 -- ─── Entry points ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
@@ -34,7 +38,7 @@ program = do
 configBlock :: Parser Config
 configBlock = do
   reserved "config"
-  props <- braces (semiSep configProp)
+  props <- braces (endBy configProp semi)
   optional semi
   return $ foldr applyProp defaultConfig props
   where
@@ -43,10 +47,10 @@ configBlock = do
 
 configProp :: Parser (String, String)
 configProp = do
-  reserved "table"
+  n <- identifier  -- "table" is no longer reserved
   reservedOp "="
   v <- stringLit
-  return ("table", v)
+  return (n, v)
 
 -- ─── Declarations ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
@@ -59,6 +63,8 @@ decl =  interfaceDecl
     <|> flowDecl
     <|> ruleDecl
     <|> policyDecl
+    <|> portforwardDecl
+    <|> masqueradeDecl
 
 interfaceDecl :: Parser Decl
 interfaceDecl = do
@@ -66,8 +72,8 @@ interfaceDecl = do
   n  <- identifier
   reservedOp ":"
   k  <- ifaceKind
-  ps <- braces (semiSep ifaceProp)
+  ps <- braces (endBy ifaceProp semi)
-  semi
+  _ <- semi
   return (DInterface n k ps)
 
 ifaceKind :: Parser IfaceKind
@@ -90,7 +96,7 @@ zoneDecl = do
   n  <- identifier
   reservedOp "="
   ns <- braces (commaSep1 identifier)
-  semi
+  _ <- semi
   return (DZone n ns)
 
 importDecl :: Parser Decl
@@ -101,7 +107,7 @@ importDecl = do
   t <- typeP
   reserved "from"
   s <- stringLit
-  semi
+  _ <- semi
   return (DImport n t s)
 
 letDecl :: Parser Decl
@@ -112,7 +118,7 @@ letDecl = do
   t <- typeP
   reservedOp "="
   e <- expr
-  semi
+  _ <- semi
   return (DLet n t e)
 
 patternDecl :: Parser Decl
@@ -123,7 +129,7 @@ patternDecl = do
   t <- typeP
   reservedOp "="
   p <- pat
-  semi
+  _ <- semi
   return (DPattern n t p)
 
 flowDecl :: Parser Decl
@@ -134,7 +140,7 @@ flowDecl = do
   reserved "FlowPattern"
   reservedOp "="
   f <- flowExpr
-  semi
+  _ <- semi
   return (DFlow n f)
 
 ruleDecl :: Parser Decl
@@ -145,7 +151,7 @@ ruleDecl = do
   t <- typeP
   reservedOp "="
   e <- expr
-  semi
+  _ <- semi
   return (DRule n t e)
 
 policyDecl :: Parser Decl
@@ -154,26 +160,31 @@ policyDecl = do
   n  <- identifier
   reservedOp ":"
   t  <- typeP
-  reserved "on"
+  reserved "hook"
-  pm <- braces policyMeta
+  h  <- hookP
+  mp <- optionMaybe (reserved "priority" >> priorityP)
+  let tb = hookDefaultTable h
+      pr = maybe (hookDefaultPriority h) id mp
   reservedOp "="
   ab <- armBlock
-  semi
+  _  <- semi
-  return (DPolicy n t pm ab)
+  return (DPolicy n t (PolicyMeta h tb pr) ab)
 
-policyMeta :: Parser PolicyMeta
+-- | Infer table from hook
-policyMeta = do
+hookDefaultTable :: Hook -> TableName
-  props <- commaSep1 metaProp
+hookDefaultTable HInput       = TFilter
-  let h  = foldr (\p a -> case p of Left  v -> v; _ -> a) HInput  props
+hookDefaultTable HForward     = TFilter
-      tb = foldr (\p a -> case p of Right (Left  v) -> v; _ -> a) TFilter props
+hookDefaultTable HOutput      = TFilter
-      pr = foldr (\p a -> case p of Right (Right v) -> v; _ -> a) PFilter props
+hookDefaultTable HPrerouting  = TNAT
-  return (PolicyMeta h tb pr)
+hookDefaultTable HPostrouting = TNAT
 
-metaProp :: Parser (Either Hook (Either TableName Priority))
+-- | Default priority per hook
-metaProp
+hookDefaultPriority :: Hook -> Priority
-  =  (reserved "hook"     >> reservedOp "=" >> fmap (Left)             hookP)
+hookDefaultPriority HInput       = pFilter
- <|> (reserved "table"    >> reservedOp "=" >> fmap (Right . Left)     tableNameP)
+hookDefaultPriority HForward     = pFilter
- <|> (reserved "priority" >> reservedOp "=" >> fmap (Right . Right)    priorityP)
+hookDefaultPriority HOutput      = pFilter
+hookDefaultPriority HPrerouting  = pDstNat
+hookDefaultPriority HPostrouting = pSrcNat
 
 hookP :: Parser Hook
 hookP =  (reserved "Input"       >> return HInput)
@@ -182,16 +193,48 @@ hookP =  (reserved "Input"       >> return HInput)
      <|> (reserved "Prerouting"  >> return HPrerouting)
      <|> (reserved "Postrouting" >> return HPostrouting)
 
-tableNameP :: Parser TableName
+-- portforward <name> on <iface> via <MapType> = { entries };
-tableNameP =  (reserved "Filter" >> return TFilter)
+portforwardDecl :: Parser Decl
-          <|> (reserved "NAT"    >> return TNAT)
+portforwardDecl = do
+  reserved "portforward"
+  n    <- identifier
+  reserved "on"
+  iface <- identifier
+  reserved "via"
+  t    <- typeP
+  reservedOp "="
+  entries <- braces (commaSep mapEntry)
+  _    <- semi
+  return (DPortForward n iface t entries)
+
+-- masquerade <name> on <iface> src <set-name>;
+masqueradeDecl :: Parser Decl
+masqueradeDecl = do
+  reserved "masquerade"
+  n     <- identifier
+  reserved "on"
+  iface <- identifier
+  reserved "src"
+  srcSet <- identifier
+  _     <- semi
+  return (DMasquerade n iface srcSet)
 
 priorityP :: Parser Priority
-priorityP =  (reserved "Filter" >> return PFilter)
+priorityP
-         <|> (reserved "DstNat" >> return PDstNat)
+  =  (reserved "Filter"  >> return pFilter)
-         <|> (reserved "SrcNat" >> return PSrcNat)
+ <|> (reserved "DstNat"  >> return pDstNat)
-         <|> (reserved "Mangle" >> return PMangle)
+ <|> (reserved "SrcNat"  >> return pSrcNat)
-         <|> (PInt . fromIntegral <$> natural)
+ <|> (reserved "Mangle"  >> return pMangle)
+ <|> (reserved "Raw"     >> return pRaw)
+ <|> (reserved "ConnTrack" >> return pConnTrack)
+ <|> (Priority . fromIntegral <$> integerP)
+  where
+    -- Accept optional leading minus for negative priorities
+    integerP = do
+      neg <- option 1 (char '-' >> return (-1))
+      n   <- natural
+      whiteSpace
+      return (neg * fromIntegral n)
 
 -- ─── Arm blocks ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
@@ -200,19 +243,24 @@ armBlock = braces (many arm)
 
 arm :: Parser Arm
 arm = do
-  symbol "|"
+  _ <- symbol "|"
   p  <- pat
   g  <- optionMaybe (reserved "if" >> expr)
   reservedOp "->"
   e  <- expr
-  semi
+  _ <- semi
   return (Arm p g e)
 
 -- ─── Patterns ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 pat :: Parser Pat
-pat =  wildcardPat
+pat = Ex.buildExpressionParser patTable patAtom <?> "pattern"
-   <|> framePat
+  where
+    patTable = [ [Ex.Infix (reservedOp "|" >> return POr) Ex.AssocLeft] ]
+
+patAtom :: Parser Pat
+patAtom =  wildcardPat
+   <|> try framePat
    <|> try tuplePat
    <|> bytesPat
    <|> try recordPat
@@ -236,7 +284,7 @@ frameArgs = try withPath <|> withoutPath
   where
     withPath = do
       pp <- pathPat
-      comma
+      _ <- comma
       inner <- pat
       return (Just pp, inner)
     withoutPath = do
@@ -271,7 +319,7 @@ tuplePat = do
 commaSep2 :: Parser a -> Parser [a]
 commaSep2 p = do
   x  <- p
-  comma
+  _ <- comma
   xs <- commaSep1 p
   return (x:xs)
 
@@ -290,8 +338,9 @@ hexByte = do
   h1 <- hexDigit
   h2 <- hexDigit
   whiteSpace
-  let [(v,"")] = readHex [h1,h2]
+  case (readHex [h1,h2] :: [(Integer, String)]) of
-  return (fromIntegral v)
+    [(v,"")] -> return (fromIntegral v)
+    _        -> fail "invalid hex byte"
 
 -- Record pattern: ident { fields }
 recordPat :: Parser Pat
@@ -303,17 +352,25 @@ recordPat = do
 fieldPat :: Parser FieldPat
 fieldPat = do
   n <- identifier
-  try (reservedOp "=" >> FPEq n <$> literal)
+  try (reservedOp "=" >> FPEq n <$> fieldLiteral)
     <|> try (reserved "as" >> FPAs n <$> identifier)
     <|> return (FPBind n)
 
--- Named pattern reference OR constructor: starts with uppercase-ish ident
+-- Port literals (:22) are valid in record field position as well as plain literals.
+fieldLiteral :: Parser Literal
+fieldLiteral = try portLit <|> literal
+  where
+    portLit = do
+      void (char ':')
+      n <- fromIntegral <$> natural
+      return (LPort n)
+
 namedOrCtorPat :: Parser Pat
 namedOrCtorPat = do
   n  <- identifier
   args <- optionMaybe (try (parens (commaSep pat)))
   case args of
-    Nothing -> return (PNamed n)   -- bare name = named pattern ref
+    Nothing -> return $ if null n then PWild else if isUpper (head n) then PNamed n else PVar n
     Just ps -> return (PCtor  n ps)
 
 -- ─── Flow expressions ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -323,13 +380,17 @@ flowExpr = do
   first <- FAtom <$> identifier
   rest  <- many (reservedOp "." >> identifier)
   mw    <- optionMaybe (reserved "within" >> durationLit)
-  return $ buildSeq (first : map FAtom rest) mw
+  let chain = buildSeq (first : map FAtom rest)
+  return $ case mw of
+    Nothing -> chain
+    Just w  -> attach w chain
   where
-    buildSeq [x]    mw = case mw of
+    buildSeq [x]    = x
-                           Nothing -> x
+    buildSeq (x:xs) = FSeq x (buildSeq xs) Nothing
-                           Just w  -> FSeq x x (Just w)  -- degenerate
+    buildSeq []     = error "impossible"
-    buildSeq (x:xs) mw = FSeq x (buildSeq xs mw) mw
+
-    buildSeq []     _  = error "impossible"
+    attach w (FSeq a b _) = FSeq a b (Just w)
+    attach w x            = FSeq x x (Just w)
 
 durationLit :: Parser Duration
 durationLit = do
@@ -518,7 +579,7 @@ mapEntry = do
 
 literal :: Parser Literal
 literal
-  =  try cidrOrIpLit
+  =  try ipOrCidrLit
  <|> try hexLit
  <|> try (LBool True  <$ reserved "true")
  <|> try (LBool False <$ reserved "false")
@@ -528,26 +589,110 @@ literal
 hexLit :: Parser Literal
 hexLit = LHex <$> hexByte
 
-cidrOrIpLit :: Parser Literal
+-- ─── IP / CIDR parsing ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-cidrOrIpLit = do
+
-  a <- fromIntegral <$> natural
+-- | Parse an IPv4 or IPv6 address, optionally followed by /prefix.
-  void (char '.')
+-- Tries IPv6 first (it can start with hex digits too), then IPv4.
-  b <- fromIntegral <$> natural
+ipOrCidrLit :: Parser Literal
-  void (char '.')
+ipOrCidrLit = do
-  c <- fromIntegral <$> natural
+  ip <- try ipv6Lit <|> ipv4Lit_
-  void (char '.')
-  d <- fromIntegral <$> natural
-  whiteSpace
   mPrefix <- optionMaybe (char '/' >> fromIntegral <$> natural)
   whiteSpace
-  let ip = LIPv4 (a,b,c,d)
   return $ case mPrefix of
     Nothing -> ip
     Just p  -> LCIDR ip p
 
+-- | IPv4: four decimal octets separated by dots → LIP IPv4 (32-bit Integer)
+ipv4Lit_ :: Parser Literal
+ipv4Lit_ = do
+  a <- octet
+  void (char '.')
+  b <- octet
+  void (char '.')
+  c <- octet
+  void (char '.')
+  d <- octet
+  return $ LIP IPv4
+    (  fromIntegral a `shiftL` 24
+   .|. fromIntegral b `shiftL` 16
+   .|. fromIntegral c `shiftL` 8
+   .|. fromIntegral d)
+  where
+    octet = do
+      n <- fromIntegral <$> natural
+      if n > 255 then fail "octet out of range" else return n
+
+-- | IPv6: full notation, :: abbreviation, and optional embedded IPv4.
+-- Stores as LIP IPv6 (128-bit Integer).
+ipv6Lit :: Parser Literal
+ipv6Lit = do
+  (left, hasDbl, right) <- ipv6Groups
+  let missing   = 8 - length left - length right
+  when (missing < 0) $ fail "too many groups in IPv6 address"
+  when (not hasDbl && missing /= 0) $ fail "invalid IPv6 address (must have 8 groups or use ::)"
+  let groups    = left ++ replicate missing 0 ++ right
+  when (length groups /= 8) $ fail "invalid IPv6 address"
+  let val = foldl' (\acc g -> (acc `shiftL` 16) .|. fromIntegral g) (0::Integer) groups
+  return (LIP IPv6 val)
+
+-- Returns (left-of-::, has_dbl_colon, right-of-::).
+-- If no :: present, left has all 8 groups and right is empty.
+ipv6Groups :: Parser ([Int], Bool, [Int])
+ipv6Groups = do
+  -- must start with a hex digit or ':' (for ::)
+  ahead <- lookAhead (hexDigit <|> char ':')
+  case ahead of
+    ':' -> do
+      void (string "::")
+      right <- ipv6RightGroups
+      return ([], True, right)
+    _   -> do
+      left <- ipv6LeftGroups
+      mDbl <- optionMaybe (try (string "::"))
+      case mDbl of
+        Nothing -> return (left, False, [])
+        Just _  -> do
+          right <- ipv6RightGroups
+          return (left, True, right)
+
+-- Parse a run of hex16:hex16:... stopping before :: or end
+ipv6LeftGroups :: Parser [Int]
+ipv6LeftGroups = do
+  first <- hex16
+  rest  <- many (try (char ':' >> notFollowedBy (char ':') >> hex16))
+  return (first : rest)
+
+-- Parse groups to the right of ::, including optional embedded IPv4
+ipv6RightGroups :: Parser [Int]
+ipv6RightGroups = option [] $
+  try ipv4EmbeddedGroups <|> ipv6LeftGroups
+
+-- IPv4-mapped groups: e.g. ffff:192.168.1.1 -> [0xffff, 0xc0a8, 0x0101]
+ipv4EmbeddedGroups :: Parser [Int]
+ipv4EmbeddedGroups = do
+  prefix <- many (try (hex16 <* char ':' <* lookAhead digit))
+  a <- octet_; void (char '.')
+  b <- octet_; void (char '.')
+  c <- octet_; void (char '.')
+  d <- octet_
+  let hi = (a `shiftL` 8) .|. b
+      lo = (c `shiftL` 8) .|. d
+  return (prefix ++ [hi, lo])
+  where
+    octet_ = do
+      n <- fromIntegral <$> natural
+      if n > 255 then fail "IPv4 octet out of range" else return n
+
+hex16 :: Parser Int
+hex16 = do
+  digits <- many1 hexDigit
+  case (reads ("0x" ++ digits)) :: [(Int,String)] of
+    [(v,"")] -> if v > 0xffff then fail "hex16 out of range" else return v
+    _        -> fail "invalid hex group"
+
 cidrLit :: Parser CIDR
 cidrLit = do
-  l <- cidrOrIpLit
+  l <- ipOrCidrLit
   case l of
     LCIDR ip p -> return (ip, p)
-    _          -> fail "expected CIDR notation"
+    _          -> fail "expected CIDR notation (address/prefix)"

src/FWL/Pretty.hs

@@ -31,11 +31,22 @@ prettyDecl (DFlow n f) =
 prettyDecl (DRule n t e) =
   "rule " ++ n ++ " : " ++ prettyType t ++ " =\n  " ++ prettyExpr e ++ ";"
 prettyDecl (DPolicy n t pm ab) =
-  "policy " ++ n ++ " : " ++ prettyType t ++ "\n" ++
+  "policy " ++ n ++ " : " ++ prettyType t ++
-  "  on { hook = " ++ prettyHook (pmHook pm) ++
+  " hook " ++ prettyHook (pmHook pm) ++
-       ", table = " ++ prettyTable (pmTable pm) ++
+  (if pmPriority pm /= prettyDefaultPriority (pmHook pm)
-       ", priority = " ++ prettyPriority (pmPriority pm) ++ " }\n" ++
+     then " priority " ++ prettyNamedPriority (pmPriority pm)
+     else "") ++ "\n" ++
   "  = " ++ prettyArmBlock ab ++ ";"
+prettyDecl (DPortForward n iface t entries) =
+  "portforward " ++ n ++ "\n" ++
+  "    on  " ++ iface ++ "\n" ++
+  "    via " ++ prettyType t ++ " = {\n" ++
+  concatMap (\(k,v) -> "        " ++ prettyExpr k ++ " -> " ++ prettyExpr v ++ "\n") entries ++
+  "    };"
+prettyDecl (DMasquerade n iface srcSet) =
+  "masquerade " ++ n ++ "\n" ++
+  "    on  " ++ iface ++ "\n" ++
+  "    src " ++ srcSet ++ ";"
 
 prettyKind :: IfaceKind -> String
 prettyKind IWan        = "WAN"
@@ -49,8 +60,6 @@ prettyIfaceProp (IPCidr4 cs) = "cidr4 = { " ++ intercalate ", " (map prettyCidr
 prettyIfaceProp (IPCidr6 cs) = "cidr6 = { " ++ intercalate ", " (map prettyCidr cs) ++ " }"
 
 prettyCidr :: CIDR -> String
-prettyCidr (LIPv4 (a,b,c,d), p) =
-  show a ++ "." ++ show b ++ "." ++ show c ++ "." ++ show d ++ "/" ++ show p
 prettyCidr (ip, p) = prettyLit ip ++ "/" ++ show p
 
 prettyHook :: Hook -> String
@@ -60,16 +69,24 @@ prettyHook HOutput      = "Output"
 prettyHook HPrerouting  = "Prerouting"
 prettyHook HPostrouting = "Postrouting"
 
-prettyTable :: TableName -> String
+-- | Default priority for a hook (for round-trip: omit when at default)
-prettyTable TFilter = "Filter"
+prettyDefaultPriority :: Hook -> Priority
-prettyTable TNAT    = "NAT"
+prettyDefaultPriority HInput       = pFilter
+prettyDefaultPriority HForward     = pFilter
+prettyDefaultPriority HOutput      = pFilter
+prettyDefaultPriority HPrerouting  = pDstNat
+prettyDefaultPriority HPostrouting = pSrcNat
 
-prettyPriority :: Priority -> String
+-- | Emit a named priority constant when possible, otherwise decimal
-prettyPriority PFilter = "Filter"
+prettyNamedPriority :: Priority -> String
-prettyPriority PDstNat = "DstNat"
+prettyNamedPriority p
-prettyPriority PSrcNat = "SrcNat"
+  | p == pFilter   = "Filter"
-prettyPriority PMangle = "Mangle"
+  | p == pDstNat   = "DstNat"
-prettyPriority (PInt n)= show n
+  | p == pSrcNat   = "SrcNat"
+  | p == pMangle   = "Mangle"
+  | p == pRaw      = "Raw"
+  | p == pConnTrack= "ConnTrack"
+  | otherwise      = show (priorityValue p)
 
 prettyType :: Type -> String
 prettyType (TName n [])   = n
@@ -88,6 +105,7 @@ prettyPat (PTuple ps)      = "(" ++ intercalate ", " (map prettyPat ps) ++ ")"
 prettyPat (PFrame mp inner)=
   "Frame(" ++ maybe "" (\pp -> prettyPath pp ++ ", ") mp ++ prettyPat inner ++ ")"
 prettyPat (PBytes bs)      = "[" ++ unwords (map prettyBE bs) ++ "]"
+prettyPat (POr p1 p2)      = prettyPat p1 ++ " | " ++ prettyPat p2
 
 prettyFP :: FieldPat -> String
 prettyFP (FPEq n l)  = n ++ " = " ++ prettyLit l
@@ -182,9 +200,8 @@ prettyLit (LInt n)           = show n
 prettyLit (LString s)        = "\"" ++ s ++ "\""
 prettyLit (LBool True)       = "true"
 prettyLit (LBool False)      = "false"
-prettyLit (LIPv4 (a,b,c,d))  =
+prettyLit (LIP IPv4 n)       = renderIPv4 n
-  show a ++ "." ++ show b ++ "." ++ show c ++ "." ++ show d
+prettyLit (LIP IPv6 n)       = renderIPv6 n
-prettyLit (LIPv6 _)          = "<ipv6>"
 prettyLit (LCIDR ip p)       = prettyLit ip ++ "/" ++ show p
 prettyLit (LPort p)          = ":" ++ show p
 prettyLit (LDuration n u)    = show n ++ prettyUnit u

test/CheckTests.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+module CheckTests (tests) where
+
+import Test.Tasty
+import Test.Tasty.HUnit
+
+import FWL.Check
+import FWL.Util
+
+tests :: TestTree
+tests = testGroup "Check"
+  [ undefinedNameTests
+  , duplicateTests
+  , policyTerminationTests
+  , patternCycleTests
+  , cleanProgramTests
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Helper ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+checkSrc :: String -> IO [CheckError]
+checkSrc src = do
+  p <- parseOk src
+  return (checkProgram p)
+
+assertNoErrors :: String -> IO ()
+assertNoErrors src = do
+  errs <- checkSrc src
+  case errs of
+    [] -> return ()
+    _  -> assertFailure ("Unexpected errors: " ++ show errs)
+
+assertHasError :: (CheckError -> Bool) -> String -> IO ()
+assertHasError p src = do
+  errs <- checkSrc src
+  if any p errs
+    then return ()
+    else assertFailure ("Expected error not found. Got: " ++ show errs)
+
+isUndefined :: String -> CheckError -> Bool
+isUndefined n (UndefinedName _ m) = m == n
+isUndefined _ _                   = False
+
+isDuplicate :: String -> CheckError -> Bool
+isDuplicate n (DuplicateDecl _ m) = m == n
+isDuplicate _ _                   = False
+
+isNoContinue :: String -> CheckError -> Bool
+isNoContinue n (PolicyNoContinue m) = m == n
+isNoContinue _ _                    = False
+
+isCycle :: CheckError -> Bool
+isCycle (PatternCycle _) = True
+isCycle _                = False
+
+-- ─── Undefined name tests ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+undefinedNameTests :: TestTree
+undefinedNameTests = testGroup "undefined names"
+  [ testCase "zone references unknown interface" $
+      assertHasError (isUndefined "ghost")
+        "zone bad_zone = { lan, ghost };"
+
+  , testCase "zone references known interface — no error" $
+      assertNoErrors
+        "interface lan : LAN {}; \
+        \zone good = { lan };"
+
+  , testCase "pattern references undefined named pattern" $
+      assertHasError (isUndefined "Undefined")
+        "pattern Bad : Frame = Frame(_, IPv4(ip, Undefined));"
+
+  , testCase "pattern references known named pattern — no error" $
+      assertNoErrors
+        "pattern WGInit : (UDPHeader,Bytes) = (udp { length = 156 }, [0x01 _*]); \
+        \pattern Compound : Frame = Frame(_, IPv4(ip, WGInit));"
+
+  , testCase "flow references undefined pattern" $
+      assertHasError (isUndefined "Ghost")
+        "flow Bad : FlowPattern = Ghost;"
+
+  , testCase "flow references known pattern — no error" $
+      assertNoErrors
+        "pattern P : T = udp { length = 1 }; \
+        \flow F : FlowPattern = P;"
+
+  , testCase "policy guard references undeclared zone" $
+      -- 'unknown_zone' not declared; check should flag it
+      assertHasError (isUndefined "unknown_zone")
+        "policy fwd : Frame hook Forward \
+        \  = { | Frame(iif in unknown_zone -> wan, _) -> Allow; \
+        \      | _ -> Drop; \
+        \  };"
+
+  , testCase "policy references known zone — no error" $
+      assertNoErrors
+        "interface lan : LAN {}; \
+        \zone trusted = { lan }; \
+        \policy fwd : Frame hook Forward \
+        \  = { | Frame(iif in trusted -> wan, _) -> Allow; \
+        \      | _ -> Drop; \
+        \  };"
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Duplicate declaration tests ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+duplicateTests :: TestTree
+duplicateTests = testGroup "duplicates"
+  [ testCase "duplicate interface" $
+      assertHasError (isDuplicate "lan")
+        "interface lan : LAN {}; \
+        \interface lan : WAN {};"
+
+  , testCase "duplicate zone" $
+      assertHasError (isDuplicate "z")
+        "zone z = { a }; \
+        \zone z = { b };"
+
+  , testCase "duplicate pattern" $
+      assertHasError (isDuplicate "P")
+        "pattern P : T = udp { length = 1 }; \
+        \pattern P : T = udp { length = 2 };"
+
+  , testCase "duplicate policy" $
+      assertHasError (isDuplicate "input")
+        "policy input : Frame hook Input \
+        \  = { | _ -> Allow; }; \
+        \policy input : Frame hook Input \
+        \  = { | _ -> Drop; };"
+
+  , testCase "distinct names — no error" $
+      assertNoErrors
+        "interface lan : LAN {}; \
+        \interface wan : WAN { dynamic; }; \
+        \zone z = { lan };"
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Policy termination tests ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+policyTerminationTests :: TestTree
+policyTerminationTests = testGroup "policy termination"
+  [ testCase "last arm is Continue — error" $
+      assertHasError (isNoContinue "bad_policy")
+        "policy bad_policy : Frame hook Input = { | _ -> Continue; };"
+
+  , testCase "last arm is Drop — ok" $
+      assertNoErrors
+        "policy good : Frame hook Input \
+        \  = { | _ if ct.state in { Established } -> Allow; \
+        \      | _ -> Drop; \
+        \  };"
+
+  , testCase "last arm is Allow — ok" $
+      assertNoErrors
+        "policy output : Frame hook Output = { | _ -> Allow; };"
+
+  , testCase "Continue in non-last arm is fine" $
+      assertNoErrors
+        "rule r : Frame -> Action = \
+        \  \\f -> case f of { \
+        \    | Frame(_, IPv4(ip, _)) -> Continue; \
+        \    | _ -> Drop; \
+        \  };"
+
+  , testCase "empty policy body — error" $
+      assertHasError (isNoContinue "empty")
+        "policy empty : Frame hook Output = {};"
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Pattern cycle tests ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+patternCycleTests :: TestTree
+patternCycleTests = testGroup "pattern cycles"
+  [ testCase "direct self-reference — cycle error" $
+      assertHasError isCycle
+        "pattern Loop : T = Frame(_, Loop);"
+
+  , testCase "mutual cycle — cycle error" $
+      assertHasError isCycle
+        "pattern A : T = Frame(_, B); \
+        \pattern B : T = Frame(_, A);"
+
+  , testCase "linear chain — no cycle" $
+      assertNoErrors
+        "pattern Base : T = udp { length = 1 }; \
+        \pattern Mid  : T = Frame(_, Base); \
+        \pattern Top  : T = Frame(_, Mid);"
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Clean full programs ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+cleanProgramTests :: TestTree
+cleanProgramTests = testGroup "clean programs"
+  [ testCase "minimal router skeleton" $
+      assertNoErrors
+        "interface wan : WAN { dynamic; }; \
+        \interface lan : LAN { cidr4 = { 10.17.1.0/24 }; }; \
+        \interface wg0 : WireGuard {}; \
+        \zone lan_zone = { lan, wg0 }; \
+        \policy input : Frame hook Input \
+        \  = { | _ if ct.state in { Established, Related } -> Allow; \
+        \      | _ -> Drop; \
+        \  }; \
+        \policy output : Frame hook Output = { | _ -> Allow; };"
+
+  , testCase "pattern and flow declarations" $
+      assertNoErrors
+        "pattern WGInit : (UDPHeader,Bytes) = (udp { length = 156 }, [0x01 _*]); \
+        \pattern WGResp : (UDPHeader,Bytes) = (udp { length = 100 }, [0x02 _*]); \
+        \flow WGHandshake : FlowPattern = WGInit . WGResp within 5s;"
+  ]

test/CompileTests.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,457 @@
+{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
+module CompileTests (tests) where
+
+import Test.Tasty
+import Test.Tasty.HUnit
+import qualified Data.Aeson as A
+import qualified Data.Aeson.Key as AK
+import qualified Data.Aeson.KeyMap as AKM
+import qualified Data.Vector as V
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy.Char8 as BL8
+
+import FWL.AST
+import FWL.Compile
+import FWL.Util
+
+tests :: TestTree
+tests = testGroup "Compile"
+  [ jsonStructureTests
+  , chainTests
+  , ruleExprTests
+  , verdictTests
+  , layerStrippingTests
+  , continueTests
+  , configTests
+  , filterInjectionTests
+  , portforwardCompileTests
+  , masqueradeCompileTests
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+compileToValue :: String -> IO A.Value
+compileToValue src = do
+  p <- parseOk src
+  case A.decode (compileToJson p) of
+    Nothing -> assertFailure "Compiled output is not valid JSON" >> undefined
+    Just v  -> return v
+
+-- Navigate a Value by a list of string keys / numeric indices.
+at :: [String] -> A.Value -> Maybe A.Value
+at []     v                   = Just v
+at (k:ks) (A.Object o)        =
+  case AKM.lookup (AK.fromString k) o of
+    Nothing -> Nothing
+    Just v  -> at ks v
+at (k:ks) (A.Array arr)       =
+  case reads k of
+    [(i,"")] | i < V.length arr -> at ks (arr V.! i)
+    _                           -> Nothing
+at _ _ = Nothing
+
+nftArr :: A.Value -> IO [A.Value]
+nftArr v =
+  case at ["nftables"] v of
+    Just (A.Array arr) -> return (V.toList arr)
+    _                  -> assertFailure "Missing top-level 'nftables' array" >> undefined
+
+withKey :: String -> [A.Value] -> [A.Value]
+withKey k = filter (\v -> case at [k] v of Just _ -> True; _ -> False)
+
+-- ─── JSON structure tests ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+jsonStructureTests :: TestTree
+jsonStructureTests = testGroup "JSON structure"
+  [ testCase "output is valid JSON" $ do
+      _ <- compileToValue "policy output : Frame hook Output = { | _ -> Allow; };"
+      return ()
+
+  , testCase "top-level nftables array present" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy output : Frame hook Output = { | _ -> Allow; };"
+      _ <- nftArr v
+      return ()
+
+  , testCase "metainfo is first element" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy output : Frame hook Output = { | _ -> Allow; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      case arr of
+        (first:_) -> case at ["metainfo"] first of
+          Just _  -> return ()
+          Nothing -> assertFailure "First element is not metainfo"
+        [] -> assertFailure "Empty nftables array"
+
+  , testCase "table object present" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy output : Frame hook Output = { | _ -> Allow; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      assertBool "Expected at least one table object"
+        (not (null (withKey "table" arr)))
+
+  , testCase "default table name is fwl" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy output : Frame hook Output = { | _ -> Allow; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      case withKey "table" arr of
+        (t:_) -> at ["table","name"] t @?= Just (A.String "fwl")
+        []    -> assertFailure "No table object"
+
+  , testCase "custom table name respected" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue
+        "config { table = \"custom\"; } \
+        \policy output : Frame hook Output = { | _ -> Allow; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      case withKey "table" arr of
+        (t:_) -> at ["table","name"] t @?= Just (A.String "custom")
+        []    -> assertFailure "No table object"
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Chain declaration tests ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+chainTests :: TestTree
+chainTests = testGroup "chain declarations"
+  [ testCase "filter input chain has correct hook" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy input : Frame hook Input = { | _ -> Drop; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      case withKey "chain" arr of
+        (c:_) -> at ["chain","hook"] c @?= Just (A.String "input")
+        []    -> assertFailure "No chain"
+
+  , testCase "filter chain type is filter" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy fwd : Frame hook Forward = { | _ -> Drop; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      case withKey "chain" arr of
+        (c:_) -> at ["chain","type"] c @?= Just (A.String "filter")
+        []    -> assertFailure "No chain"
+
+  , testCase "NAT chain type is nat" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy nat_post : Frame hook Postrouting = { | _ -> Allow; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      case withKey "chain" arr of
+        (c:_) -> at ["chain","type"] c @?= Just (A.String "nat")
+        []    -> assertFailure "No chain"
+
+  , testCase "input chain default policy is drop" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy input : Frame hook Input = { | _ -> Drop; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      case withKey "chain" arr of
+        (c:_) -> at ["chain","policy"] c @?= Just (A.String "drop")
+        []    -> assertFailure "No chain"
+
+  , testCase "output chain default policy is accept" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy output : Frame hook Output = { | _ -> Allow; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      case withKey "chain" arr of
+        (c:_) -> at ["chain","policy"] c @?= Just (A.String "accept")
+        []    -> assertFailure "No chain"
+
+  , testCase "chain name matches policy name" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy my_input : Frame hook Input = { | _ -> Drop; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      case withKey "chain" arr of
+        (c:_) -> at ["chain","name"] c @?= Just (A.String "my_input")
+        []    -> assertFailure "No chain"
+
+  , testCase "two policies produce two chains" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue
+        "policy input : Frame hook Input = { | _ -> Drop; }; \
+        \policy output : Frame hook Output = { | _ -> Allow; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      length (withKey "chain" arr) @?= 2
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Rule expression tests ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+ruleExprs :: [A.Value] -> [A.Value]
+ruleExprs arr =
+  [ e | r  <- withKey "rule" arr
+      , Just (A.Array es) <- [at ["rule","expr"] r]
+      , e  <- V.toList es ]
+
+ruleExprTests :: TestTree
+ruleExprTests = testGroup "rule expressions"
+  [ testCase "arm without guard produces rule" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue
+        "policy output : Frame hook Output = { | _ -> Allow; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      assertBool "Should have at least one rule" (not (null (withKey "rule" arr)))
+
+  , testCase "rule expr array is present" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy output : Frame hook Output = { | _ -> Allow; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      case withKey "rule" arr of
+        (r:_) -> case at ["rule","expr"] r of
+          Just (A.Array _) -> return ()
+          _                -> assertFailure "Missing or non-array 'expr'"
+        [] -> assertFailure "No rule"
+
+  , testCase "IPv4 ctor emits nfproto match" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue
+        "policy input : Frame hook Input = \
+        \  { | Frame(_, IPv4(ip, _)) -> Allow; \
+        \    | _ -> Drop; \
+        \  };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      let matches   = withKey "match" (ruleExprs arr)
+          hasNfp    = any (\m ->
+            at ["match","left","meta","key"] m == Just (A.String "nfproto"))
+            matches
+      assertBool "Expected nfproto match for IPv4 ctor" hasNfp
+
+  , testCase "record field pat emits payload match" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue
+        "policy input : Frame hook Input = \
+        \  { | Frame(_, TCP(tcp { dport = :22 }, _)) -> Allow; \
+        \    | _ -> Drop; \
+        \  };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      let matches  = withKey "match" (ruleExprs arr)
+          hasPort  = any (\m ->
+            at ["match","right"] m == Just (A.String "22"))
+            matches
+      assertBool "Expected port 22 payload match" hasPort
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Verdict tests ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+allExprs :: [A.Value] -> [A.Value]
+allExprs arr =
+  concatMap (\r -> case at ["rule","expr"] r of
+    Just (A.Array es) -> V.toList es; _ -> [])
+  (withKey "rule" arr)
+
+verdictTests :: TestTree
+verdictTests = testGroup "verdicts"
+  [ testCase "Allow compiles to accept" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy output : Frame hook Output = { | _ -> Allow; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      assertBool "Expected accept verdict"
+        (not (null (withKey "accept" (allExprs arr))))
+
+  , testCase "Drop compiles to drop" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy input : Frame hook Input = { | _ -> Drop; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      assertBool "Expected drop verdict"
+        (not (null (withKey "drop" (allExprs arr))))
+
+  , testCase "Masquerade compiles to masquerade" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy nat_post : Frame hook Postrouting = { | _ -> Masquerade; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      assertBool "Expected masquerade verdict"
+        (not (null (withKey "masquerade" (allExprs arr))))
+
+  , testCase "rule call compiles to jump" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue
+        "rule blockAll : Frame -> Action = \\f -> case f of { | _ -> Drop; }; \
+        \policy fwd : Frame hook Forward = { | frame -> blockAll(frame); };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      assertBool "Expected jump verdict for rule call"
+        (not (null (withKey "jump" (allExprs arr))))
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Layer stripping tests ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+layerStrippingTests :: TestTree
+layerStrippingTests = testGroup "layer stripping"
+  [ testCase "Frame with and without Ether both emit nfproto match" $ do
+      let withEther =
+            "policy p1 : Frame hook Input = \
+            \  { | Frame(_, Ether(_, IPv4(ip, _))) -> Allow; \
+            \    | _ -> Drop; \
+            \  };"
+          withoutEther =
+            "policy p1 : Frame hook Input = \
+            \  { | Frame(_, IPv4(ip, _)) -> Allow; \
+            \    | _ -> Drop; \
+            \  };"
+      v1 <- compileToValue withEther
+      v2 <- compileToValue withoutEther
+      arr1 <- nftArr v1
+      arr2 <- nftArr v2
+      let nfp arr = filter
+            (\m -> at ["match","left","meta","key"] m == Just (A.String "nfproto"))
+            (withKey "match" (ruleExprs arr))
+      assertBool "Both should produce nfproto matches"
+        (not (null (nfp arr1)) && not (null (nfp arr2)))
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Continue tests ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+continueTests :: TestTree
+continueTests = testGroup "Continue"
+  [ testCase "non-Continue arms still produce rules" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue
+        "policy input : Frame hook Input = \
+        \  { | _ if ct.state in { Established } -> Allow; \
+        \    | _ -> Drop; \
+        \  };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      assertBool "Should have rules for non-Continue arms"
+        (not (null (withKey "rule" arr)))
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Config tests ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+configTests :: TestTree
+configTests = testGroup "config"
+  [ testCase "all rule objects reference correct table" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy input : Frame hook Input = { | _ -> Drop; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      mapM_ (\r -> at ["rule","table"] r @?= Just (A.String "fwl"))
+        (withKey "rule" arr)
+
+  , testCase "chain objects reference correct table" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy input : Frame hook Input = { | _ -> Drop; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      mapM_ (\c -> at ["chain","table"] c @?= Just (A.String "fwl"))
+        (withKey "chain" arr)
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Filter-hook injection tests ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+filterInjectionTests :: TestTree
+filterInjectionTests = testGroup "filter hook injections"
+  [ testCase "Input chain first rule is stateful ct state" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy input : Frame hook Input = { | _ -> Drop; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      let rules = withKey "rule" arr
+          inputRules = filter (\r -> at ["rule","chain"] r == Just (A.String "input")) rules
+      case inputRules of
+        (r:_) -> case at ["rule","expr","0","match","left","ct","key"] r of
+          Just (A.String "state") -> return ()
+          _ -> case at ["rule","expr"] r of
+            Just (A.Array es) ->
+              let exprs = V.toList es
+                  hasState = any (\e -> at ["match","left","ct","key"] e == Just (A.String "state")) exprs
+              in assertBool "First rule should have ct state match" hasState
+            _ -> assertFailure "No expr in first rule"
+        [] -> assertFailure "No rules for input chain"
+
+  , testCase "Input chain has loopback rule (iifname lo)" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy input : Frame hook Input = { | _ -> Drop; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      let rules = withKey "rule" arr
+          inputRules = filter (\r -> at ["rule","chain"] r == Just (A.String "input")) rules
+          hasLo = any (\r ->
+            case at ["rule","expr"] r of
+              Just (A.Array es) -> any (\e ->
+                at ["match","right"] e == Just (A.String "lo")) (V.toList es)
+              _ -> False) inputRules
+      assertBool "Input chain should have iifname lo rule" hasLo
+
+  , testCase "Forward chain first rule is stateful ct state" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy forward : Frame hook Forward = { | _ -> Drop; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      let rules = withKey "rule" arr
+          fwdRules = filter (\r -> at ["rule","chain"] r == Just (A.String "forward")) rules
+      case fwdRules of
+        (r:_) -> case at ["rule","expr"] r of
+          Just (A.Array es) ->
+            let hasState = any (\e -> at ["match","left","ct","key"] e == Just (A.String "state")) (V.toList es)
+            in assertBool "First forward rule should have ct state match" hasState
+          _ -> assertFailure "No expr"
+        [] -> assertFailure "No rules for forward chain"
+
+  , testCase "Output chain has stateful rule but no loopback" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue "policy output : Frame hook Output = { | _ -> Allow; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      let rules = withKey "rule" arr
+          outRules = filter (\r -> at ["rule","chain"] r == Just (A.String "output")) rules
+          hasState = any (\r ->
+            case at ["rule","expr"] r of
+              Just (A.Array es) -> any (\e -> at ["match","left","ct","key"] e == Just (A.String "state")) (V.toList es)
+              _ -> False) outRules
+          hasLo = any (\r ->
+            case at ["rule","expr"] r of
+              Just (A.Array es) -> any (\e -> at ["match","right"] e == Just (A.String "lo")) (V.toList es)
+              _ -> False) outRules
+      assertBool "Output chain should have ct state rule" hasState
+      assertBool "Output chain should NOT have loopback rule" (not hasLo)
+  ]
+
+-- ─── PortForward compile tests ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+portforwardCompileTests :: TestTree
+portforwardCompileTests = testGroup "portforward compilation"
+  [ testCase "portforward produces a map object with the decl name" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue
+        "portforward wan_forwards on wan via Map<(Protocol, Port), (IPv4, Port)> = { \
+        \    (tcp, :8080) -> (10.0.0.10, :80) \
+        \}; \
+        \policy forward : Frame hook Forward = { | _ -> Drop; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      let maps = withKey "map" arr
+          named = filter (\m -> at ["map","name"] m == Just (A.String "wan_forwards")) maps
+      assertBool "Should have a map named wan_forwards" (not (null named))
+
+  , testCase "portforward produces prerouting chain" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue
+        "portforward wan_forwards on wan via Map<(Protocol, Port), (IPv4, Port)> = { \
+        \    (tcp, :8080) -> (10.0.0.10, :80) \
+        \}; \
+        \policy forward : Frame hook Forward = { | _ -> Drop; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      let chains = withKey "chain" arr
+          preChain = filter (\c ->
+            at ["chain","name"] c == Just (A.String "wan_forwards_prerouting")) chains
+      assertBool "Should have wan_forwards_prerouting chain" (not (null preChain))
+      case preChain of
+        (c:_) -> do
+          at ["chain","type"] c @?= Just (A.String "nat")
+          at ["chain","hook"] c @?= Just (A.String "prerouting")
+        [] -> return ()
+
+  , testCase "portforward injects ct status dnat accept into Forward chain" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue
+        "portforward wan_forwards on wan via Map<(Protocol, Port), (IPv4, Port)> = { \
+        \    (tcp, :8080) -> (10.0.0.10, :80) \
+        \}; \
+        \policy forward : Frame hook Forward = { | _ -> Drop; };"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      let rules = withKey "rule" arr
+          fwdRules = filter (\r -> at ["rule","chain"] r == Just (A.String "forward")) rules
+          hasDnat = any (\r ->
+            case at ["rule","expr"] r of
+              Just (A.Array es) -> any (\e ->
+                at ["match","left","ct","key"] e == Just (A.String "status")) (V.toList es)
+              _ -> False) fwdRules
+      assertBool "Forward chain should have ct status dnat rule when portforward present" hasDnat
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Masquerade compile tests ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+masqueradeCompileTests :: TestTree
+masqueradeCompileTests = testGroup "masquerade compilation"
+  [ testCase "masquerade produces postrouting chain" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue
+        "let rfc1918 : Set<IPv4> = { 10.0.0.0/8 }; \
+        \masquerade wan_snat on wan src rfc1918;"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      let chains = withKey "chain" arr
+          postChain = filter (\c ->
+            at ["chain","name"] c == Just (A.String "wan_snat_postrouting")) chains
+      assertBool "Should have wan_snat_postrouting chain" (not (null postChain))
+      case postChain of
+        (c:_) -> do
+          at ["chain","type"] c @?= Just (A.String "nat")
+          at ["chain","hook"] c @?= Just (A.String "postrouting")
+        [] -> return ()
+
+  , testCase "masquerade rule has oifname match and masquerade verdict" $ do
+      v <- compileToValue
+        "let rfc1918 : Set<IPv4> = { 10.0.0.0/8 }; \
+        \masquerade wan_snat on wan src rfc1918;"
+      arr <- nftArr v
+      let rules = withKey "rule" arr
+          snatRules = filter (\r ->
+            at ["rule","chain"] r == Just (A.String "wan_snat_postrouting")) rules
+          hasOifname = any (\r ->
+            case at ["rule","expr"] r of
+              Just (A.Array es) -> any (\e ->
+                at ["match","left","meta","key"] e == Just (A.String "oifname")) (V.toList es)
+              _ -> False) snatRules
+          hasMasq = any (\r ->
+            case at ["rule","expr"] r of
+              Just (A.Array es) -> any (\e ->
+                at ["masquerade"] e /= Nothing) (V.toList es)
+              _ -> False) snatRules
+      assertBool "Masquerade rule should match oifname" hasOifname
+      assertBool "Masquerade rule should have masquerade verdict" hasMasq
+  ]

test/FWL/Util.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+-- | Shared test utilities.
+module FWL.Util where
+
+import Test.Tasty.HUnit
+import Text.Parsec.String (Parser)
+import Text.Parsec (parse)
+
+import FWL.Parser (parseProgram)
+import FWL.AST
+
+-- | Assert a parser succeeds and return the result.
+shouldParse :: (Show a) => Parser a -> String -> IO a
+shouldParse p input =
+  case parse p "<test>" input of
+    Left err -> assertFailure ("Unexpected parse error:\n" ++ show err)
+                >> undefined
+    Right v  -> return v
+
+-- | Assert a parser fails.
+shouldFailParse :: (Show a) => Parser a -> String -> IO ()
+shouldFailParse p input =
+  case parse p "<test>" input of
+    Left _  -> return ()
+    Right v -> assertFailure ("Expected parse failure but got: " ++ show v)
+
+-- | Parse a full program, asserting success.
+parseOk :: String -> IO Program
+parseOk src =
+  case parseProgram "<test>" src of
+    Left err -> assertFailure ("Parse error:\n" ++ show err) >> undefined
+    Right p  -> return p
+
+-- | Parse a full program, asserting failure.
+parseFail :: String -> IO ()
+parseFail src =
+  case parseProgram "<test>" src of
+    Left _  -> return ()
+    Right p -> assertFailure ("Expected parse failure, got:\n" ++ show p)
+
+-- | Extract the single declaration from a one-decl program.
+singleDecl :: Program -> IO Decl
+singleDecl (Program _ [d]) = return d
+singleDecl (Program _ ds)  =
+  assertFailure ("Expected 1 decl, got " ++ show (length ds)) >> undefined

test/ParserTests.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,550 @@
+module ParserTests (tests) where
+
+import Test.Tasty
+import Test.Tasty.HUnit
+
+import FWL.AST
+import FWL.Util
+
+tests :: TestTree
+tests = testGroup "Parser"
+  [ interfaceTests
+  , zoneTests
+  , importTests
+  , letTests
+  , patternTests
+  , flowTests
+  , typeTests
+  , exprTests
+  , policyTests
+  , portforwardTests
+  , masqueradeTests
+  , ruleTests
+  , configTests
+  , errorTests
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Interface ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+interfaceTests :: TestTree
+interfaceTests = testGroup "interface"
+  [ testCase "WAN dynamic" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "interface wan : WAN { dynamic; };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DInterface "wan" IWan [IPDynamic] -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "LAN with cidr4" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "interface lan : LAN { cidr4 = { 10.0.0.0/8 }; };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DInterface "lan" ILan [IPCidr4 [(ip, 8)]] | ip == ipv4Lit 10 0 0 0 -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "LAN with cidr4 and cidr6" $ do
+      p <- parseOk
+            "interface lan : LAN { \
+            \  cidr4 = { 10.17.1.0/24 }; \
+            \  cidr6 = { 192.168.0.0/16 }; \
+            \};"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DInterface "lan" ILan [IPCidr4 _, IPCidr6 _] -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "WireGuard interface" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "interface wg0 : WireGuard {};"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DInterface "wg0" IWireGuard [] -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "user-defined kind" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "interface eth0 : Bridge {};"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DInterface "eth0" (IUser "Bridge") [] -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "multiple CIDRs in set" $ do
+      p <- parseOk
+            "interface lan : LAN { \
+            \  cidr4 = { 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16 }; \
+            \};"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DInterface _ _ [IPCidr4 cidrs] -> length cidrs @?= 3
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Zone ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+zoneTests :: TestTree
+zoneTests = testGroup "zone"
+  [ testCase "single member" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "zone trusted = { lan };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DZone "trusted" ["lan"] -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "multiple members" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "zone lan_zone = { lan, wg0, vlan10 };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DZone "lan_zone" ["lan","wg0","vlan10"] -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Import ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+importTests :: TestTree
+importTests = testGroup "import"
+  [ testCase "basic import" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "import rfc1918 : CIDRSet from \"builtin:rfc1918\";"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DImport "rfc1918" (TName "CIDRSet" []) "builtin:rfc1918" -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Let ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+letTests :: TestTree
+letTests = testGroup "let"
+  [ testCase "simple integer" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "let timeout : Int = 30;"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet "timeout" (TName "Int" []) (ELit (LInt 30)) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "map literal" $ do
+      p <- parseOk
+            "let forwards : Map<(Protocol,Port),(IP,Port)> = { \
+            \  (tcp, :8080) -> (10.0.0.1, :80) \
+            \};"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet "forwards" _ (EMap [_]) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "string literal" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "let name : String = \"hello\";"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet "name" _ (ELit (LString "hello")) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Pattern ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+patternTests :: TestTree
+patternTests = testGroup "pattern"
+  [ testCase "tuple with record field" $ do
+      p <- parseOk
+            "pattern WGInitiation : (UDPHeader, Bytes) = \
+            \  (udp { length = 156 }, [0x01 _*]);"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DPattern "WGInitiation" _ (PTuple [PRecord "udp" _, PBytes _]) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "byte pattern elements" $ do
+      p <- parseOk
+            "pattern WGResponse : (UDPHeader, Bytes) = \
+            \  (udp { length = 100 }, [0x02 _ _*]);"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DPattern "WGResponse" _ (PTuple [_, PBytes [BEHex 0x02, BEWild, BEWildStar]]) ->
+          return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "named pattern reference in ctor" $ do
+      p <- parseOk
+            "pattern Complex : Frame = \
+            \  Frame(_, IPv4(ip, WGInitiation));"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DPattern "Complex" _ (PFrame (Just _) (PCtor "IPv4" [PVar "ip", PNamed "WGInitiation"])) ->
+          return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "record with field bind" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "pattern HasTCP : TCP = tcp { dport };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DPattern "HasTCP" _ (PRecord "tcp" [FPBind "dport"]) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "record with field equality" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "pattern SSH : TCP = tcp { dport = :22 };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DPattern "SSH" _ (PRecord "tcp" [FPEq "dport" (LPort 22)]) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Flow ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+flowTests :: TestTree
+flowTests = testGroup "flow"
+  [ testCase "two-step sequence with within" $ do
+      p <- parseOk
+            "flow WireGuardHandshake : FlowPattern = \
+            \  WGInitiation . WGResponse within 5s;"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DFlow "WireGuardHandshake" (FSeq (FAtom "WGInitiation") (FAtom "WGResponse") (Just (5, Seconds))) ->
+          return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "single atom flow" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "flow Simple : FlowPattern = Ping;"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DFlow "Simple" (FAtom "Ping") -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "duration in milliseconds" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "flow Fast : FlowPattern = A . B within 500ms;"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DFlow "Fast" (FSeq _ _ (Just (500, Millis))) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Types ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+typeTests :: TestTree
+typeTests = testGroup "types"
+  [ testCase "simple name" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "let x : Frame = Allow;"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet _ (TName "Frame" []) _ -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "generic type" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "let x : Map<Int, String> = Allow;"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet _ (TName "Map" [TName "Int" [], TName "String" []]) _ -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "function type" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "let x : Frame -> Action = Allow;"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet _ (TFun (TName "Frame" []) (TName "Action" [])) _ -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "effect type" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "let x : <Log, FlowMatch> Action = Allow;"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet _ (TEffect ["Log","FlowMatch"] (TName "Action" [])) _ -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "tuple type" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "let x : (Int, String) = Allow;"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet _ (TTuple [TName "Int" [], TName "String" []]) _ -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "function with effects" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "let x : Frame -> <Log> Action = Allow;"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet _ (TFun _ (TEffect ["Log"] _)) _ -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Expressions ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+exprTests :: TestTree
+exprTests = testGroup "expressions"
+  [ testCase "boolean and" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "let x : Bool = a && b;"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet _ _ (EInfix OpAnd (EVar "a") (EVar "b")) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "set membership with 'in'" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "let x : Bool = ct.state in { Established, Related };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet _ _ (EInfix OpIn (EQual ["ct","state"]) (ESet _)) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "equality comparison" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "let x : Bool = tcp.dport == :22;"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet _ _ (EInfix OpEq (EQual ["tcp","dport"]) (ELit (LPort 22))) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "if-then-else" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "let x : Action = if a then Allow else Drop;"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet _ _ (EIf (EVar "a") (EVar "Allow") (EVar "Drop")) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "perform expression" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "let x : Action = perform Log.emit(Info, \"msg\");"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet _ _ (EPerform ["Log","emit"] [ELit (LString "Info"), ELit (LString "msg")]) -> return ()
+        DLet _ _ (EPerform ["Log","emit"] _) -> return ()  -- arg parsing flexible
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "do block" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "let x : Action = do { y <- foo; y };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet _ _ (EDo [DSBind "y" _, DSExpr (EVar "y")]) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "nested case" $ do
+      p <- parseOk
+            "let x : Action = case e of { \
+            \  | a -> Allow; \
+            \  | _ -> Drop; \
+            \};"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet _ _ (ECase (EVar "e") [Arm (PVar "a") Nothing _, Arm PWild Nothing _]) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "lambda" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "let x : Frame -> Action = \\frame -> Allow;"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet _ _ (ELam "frame" (EVar "Allow")) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "string concat" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "let x : String = \"hello\" ++ \" world\";"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet _ _ (EInfix OpConcat _ _) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "negation" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "let x : Bool = !flag;"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet _ _ (ENot (EVar "flag")) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "set literal" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "let x : Set<Int> = { 22, 80, 443 };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DLet _ _ (ESet [ELit (LInt 22), ELit (LInt 80), ELit (LInt 443)]) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Policy ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+policyTests :: TestTree
+policyTests = testGroup "policy"
+  [ testCase "compact hook Input syntax" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "policy input : Frame hook Input = { | _ -> Drop; };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DPolicy "input" _ (PolicyMeta HInput TFilter (Priority 0)) [_] -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "hook Prerouting priority Mangle" $ do
+      p <- parseOk
+            "policy pre : Frame hook Prerouting priority Mangle = { | _ -> Drop; };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DPolicy _ _ (PolicyMeta HPrerouting TNAT (Priority (-150))) _ -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "hook Forward infers filter table and priority 0" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "policy forward : Frame hook Forward = { | _ -> Drop; };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DPolicy _ _ (PolicyMeta HForward TFilter (Priority 0)) _ -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "hook Postrouting infers nat table and priority 100" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "policy post : Frame hook Postrouting = { | _ -> Allow; };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DPolicy _ _ (PolicyMeta HPostrouting TNAT (Priority 100)) _ -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "arm with guard" $ do
+      p <- parseOk
+            "policy input : Frame hook Input = { \
+            \    | _ if ct.state in { Established, Related } -> Allow; \
+            \    | _ -> Drop; \
+            \  };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DPolicy _ _ _ [Arm PWild (Just _) _, Arm PWild Nothing _] -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "Frame pattern with path" $ do
+      p <- parseOk
+            "policy forward : Frame hook Forward = { \
+            \    | Frame(iif in lan_zone -> wan, _) -> Allow; \
+            \    | _ -> Drop; \
+            \  };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DPolicy _ _ _ (Arm (PFrame (Just _) _) Nothing _ : _) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "Frame pattern without Ether (layer stripping)" $ do
+      p <- parseOk
+            "policy input : Frame hook Input = { \
+            \    | Frame(_, IPv4(ip, TCP(tcp, _))) if tcp.dport == :22 -> Allow; \
+            \    | _ -> Drop; \
+            \  };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DPolicy _ _ _ (Arm (PFrame (Just _) (PCtor "IPv4" _)) _ _ : _) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "policy arm calls rule" $ do
+      p <- parseOk
+            "policy forward : Frame hook Forward = { \
+            \    | frame -> blockOutboundWG(frame); \
+            \  };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DPolicy _ _ _ [Arm (PVar "frame") Nothing (EApp (EVar "blockOutboundWG") _)] ->
+          return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "Continue arm is parsed" $ do
+      p <- parseOk
+            "rule r : Frame -> Action = \
+            \  \\frame -> case frame of { \
+            \    | _ -> Continue; \
+            \  };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DRule _ _ _ -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+  ]
+
+-- ─── PortForward ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+portforwardTests :: TestTree
+portforwardTests = testGroup "portforward"
+  [ testCase "basic portforward decl" $ do
+      p <- parseOk
+            "portforward wan_forwards \
+            \    on  wan \
+            \    via Map<(Protocol, Port), (IPv4, Port)> = { \
+            \        (tcp, :8080) -> (10.0.0.10, :80) \
+            \    };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DPortForward "wan_forwards" "wan" (TName "Map" [TTuple _, TTuple _]) [(_, _)] -> return ()
+        DPortForward "wan_forwards" "wan" _ [_] -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Masquerade ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+masqueradeTests :: TestTree
+masqueradeTests = testGroup "masquerade"
+  [ testCase "basic masquerade decl" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "masquerade wan_snat on wan src rfc1918;"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DMasquerade "wan_snat" "wan" "rfc1918" -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Rule ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+ruleTests :: TestTree
+ruleTests = testGroup "rule"
+  [ testCase "simple rule" $ do
+      p <- parseOk
+            "rule blockAll : Frame -> Action = \
+            \  \\frame -> case frame of { | _ -> Drop; };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DRule "blockAll" _ (ELam "frame" (ECase _ _)) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "rule with effects in type" $ do
+      p <- parseOk
+            "rule logged : Frame -> <Log> Action = \
+            \  \\f -> case f of { | _ -> Allow; };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DRule "logged" (TFun _ (TEffect ["Log"] _)) _ -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "nested case in rule" $ do
+      p <- parseOk
+            "rule check : Frame -> <FlowMatch> Action = \
+            \  \\frame -> \
+            \    case frame of { \
+            \      | Frame(_, IPv4(ip, UDP(udp, _))) -> \
+            \          case perform FlowMatch.check(ip, wg) of { \
+            \            | Matched -> Drop; \
+            \            | _ -> Continue; \
+            \          }; \
+            \      | _ -> Continue; \
+            \    };"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DRule "check" _ (ELam _ (ECase _ _)) -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Config ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+configTests :: TestTree
+configTests = testGroup "config"
+  [ testCase "default table name" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "interface wan : WAN {};"
+      configTable (progConfig p) @?= "fwl"
+
+  , testCase "custom table name" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "config { table = \"myrules\"; } interface wan : WAN {};"
+      configTable (progConfig p) @?= "myrules"
+  ]
+
+-- ─── Error cases ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+errorTests :: TestTree
+errorTests = testGroup "parse errors"
+  [ testCase "missing semicolon" $
+      parseFail "interface wan : WAN {}"
+
+  , testCase "old on-brace policy syntax is a parse error" $
+      parseFail
+        "policy p : Frame \
+        \  on { hook = Input, table = Filter, priority = Filter } \
+        \  = { | _ -> Allow; };"
+
+  , testCase "unknown hook" $
+      parseFail
+        "policy p : Frame hook Bogus = { | _ -> Allow; };"
+
+  , testCase "empty arm block with no arms is ok" $ do
+      p <- parseOk "policy output : Frame hook Output = {};"
+      d <- singleDecl p
+      case d of
+        DPolicy _ _ _ [] -> return ()
+        _ -> assertFailure (show d)
+
+  , testCase "CIDR without prefix fails" $
+      parseFail "interface lan : LAN { cidr4 = { 10.0.0.1 }; };"
+  ]

test/Spec.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+module Main where
+
+import Test.Tasty
+import Test.Tasty.HUnit
+
+import qualified ParserTests
+import qualified CheckTests
+import qualified CompileTests
+
+main :: IO ()
+main = defaultMain $ testGroup "FWL"
+  [ ParserTests.tests
+  , CheckTests.tests
+  , CompileTests.tests
+  ]